{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3191514888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","title":"Applications of artificial neural networks in microorganism image analysis: a comprehensive review from conventional multilayer perceptron to popular convolutional neural network and potential visual transformer","display_name":"Applications of artificial neural networks in microorganism image analysis: a comprehensive review from conventional multilayer perceptron to popular convolutional neural network and potential visual transformer","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3191514888","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","mag":"3191514888","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35528112"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064208724","display_name":"Jinghua Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3303-4752"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jinghua Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany","Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100369916","display_name":"Chen Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-8885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chen Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1545-8885","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076172277","display_name":"Yimin Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-4261"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I916048824","display_name":"Hunan First Normal University","ror":"https://ror.org/00s9d1a36","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yimin Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hunan First Normal University, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I916048824"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100462858","display_name":"Jiawei Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4696-4502"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9224756","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/03awzbc87","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["CN","DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany","Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microscopic Image and Medical Image Analysis Group, College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037990310","display_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4877-8287"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9341345","display_name":"University of L\u00fcbeck","ror":"https://ror.org/00t3r8h32","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marcin Grzegorzek","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Medical Informatics, University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9341345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064208724"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9224756","https://openalex.org/I9341345"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":22.8286,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":225,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99687966,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"56","issue":"2","first_page":"1013","last_page":"1070"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13114","display_name":"Image Processing Techniques and Applications","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12282","display_name":"Mineral Processing and Grinding","score":0.9488000273704529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7884724736213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7251060605049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.694265604019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.5509308576583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.44286003708839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.43294844031333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.42136579751968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4094560146331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36436623334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3506183326244354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7884724736213684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7251060605049133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.694265604019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.5509308576583862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.44286003708839417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.43294844031333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.42136579751968384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4094560146331787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36436623334884644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3506183326244354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:35528112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35528112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial intelligence review","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:9066147","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/9066147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Artif Intell Rev","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10462-022-10192-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4090768803","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61806047","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7302614695","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N2019003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191514888.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3191514888.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":194,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58487416","https://openalex.org/W152027609","https://openalex.org/W189596042","https://openalex.org/W286127423","https://openalex.org/W432266118","https://openalex.org/W1486242652","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1501620655","https://openalex.org/W1519514136","https://openalex.org/W1533861849","https://openalex.org/W1561752765","https://openalex.org/W1568245674","https://openalex.org/W1578224510","https://openalex.org/W1661871015","https://openalex.org/W1665214252","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1836465849","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W1965399445","https://openalex.org/W1967536904","https://openalex.org/W1968113456","https://openalex.org/W1971824478","https://openalex.org/W1978441215","https://openalex.org/W1979364583","https://openalex.org/W1989016021","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2000971069","https://openalex.org/W2002840041","https://openalex.org/W2004410965","https://openalex.org/W2005257509","https://openalex.org/W2006006524","https://openalex.org/W2006398333","https://openalex.org/W2017488699","https://openalex.org/W2018471578","https://openalex.org/W2018580505","https://openalex.org/W2020647418","https://openalex.org/W2028983451","https://openalex.org/W2032303623","https://openalex.org/W2038161264","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2042894670","https://openalex.org/W2045509258","https://openalex.org/W2048953111","https://openalex.org/W2052578780","https://openalex.org/W2053322112","https://openalex.org/W2054553529","https://openalex.org/W2061123786","https://openalex.org/W2064630666","https://openalex.org/W2066049956","https://openalex.org/W2070150012","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2079256715","https://openalex.org/W2085828428","https://openalex.org/W2086789740","https://openalex.org/W2089072974","https://openalex.org/W2089275047","https://openalex.org/W2096854445","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2099355395","https://openalex.org/W2100308966","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2101523547","https://openalex.org/W2102423302","https://openalex.org/W2106197721","https://openalex.org/W2107878631","https://openalex.org/W2108556791","https://openalex.org/W2110798204","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2120590985","https://openalex.org/W2120984912","https://openalex.org/W2123898922","https://openalex.org/W2125481689","https://openalex.org/W2125821270","https://openalex.org/W2126267173","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2137089878","https://openalex.org/W2144699585","https://openalex.org/W2144771874","https://openalex.org/W2145116764","https://openalex.org/W2147540140","https://openalex.org/W2147800946","https://openalex.org/W2169492531","https://openalex.org/W2183341477","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2312474791","https://openalex.org/W2319061125","https://openalex.org/W2401231614","https://openalex.org/W2460944579","https://openalex.org/W2478763124","https://openalex.org/W2507414358","https://openalex.org/W2513863019","https://openalex.org/W2540861519","https://openalex.org/W2555204727","https://openalex.org/W2555618208","https://openalex.org/W2557283755","https://openalex.org/W2583993537","https://openalex.org/W2604278999","https://openalex.org/W2611598635","https://openalex.org/W2618530766","https://openalex.org/W2737177700","https://openalex.org/W2738600695","https://openalex.org/W2739917809","https://openalex.org/W2755092768","https://openalex.org/W2767410506","https://openalex.org/W2774469180","https://openalex.org/W2777517892","https://openalex.org/W2794172213","https://openalex.org/W2804719275","https://openalex.org/W2806340665","https://openalex.org/W2810252832","https://openalex.org/W2884367402","https://openalex.org/W2887298128","https://openalex.org/W2894453708","https://openalex.org/W2896018215","https://openalex.org/W2901369539","https://openalex.org/W2903440260","https://openalex.org/W2903748065","https://openalex.org/W2905050280","https://openalex.org/W2905050334","https://openalex.org/W2907648650","https://openalex.org/W2917262027","https://openalex.org/W2919293852","https://openalex.org/W2938938392","https://openalex.org/W2954174912","https://openalex.org/W2958223128","https://openalex.org/W2962898354","https://openalex.org/W2963037989","https://openalex.org/W2963340466","https://openalex.org/W2963403868","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W2963466847","https://openalex.org/W2963712920","https://openalex.org/W2964137095","https://openalex.org/W2964350391","https://openalex.org/W2969985801","https://openalex.org/W2972329459","https://openalex.org/W2978155588","https://openalex.org/W2988916019","https://openalex.org/W3003750976","https://openalex.org/W3005887317","https://openalex.org/W3006137535","https://openalex.org/W3006283135","https://openalex.org/W3006292418","https://openalex.org/W3009312108","https://openalex.org/W3010421324","https://openalex.org/W3013098034","https://openalex.org/W3014001067","https://openalex.org/W3014688688","https://openalex.org/W3015949914","https://openalex.org/W3016769295","https://openalex.org/W3022002038","https://openalex.org/W3034124771","https://openalex.org/W3034881351","https://openalex.org/W3034942609","https://openalex.org/W3035590764","https://openalex.org/W3036010090","https://openalex.org/W3040837244","https://openalex.org/W3045215719","https://openalex.org/W3048886990","https://openalex.org/W3081929283","https://openalex.org/W3082129493","https://openalex.org/W3082256466","https://openalex.org/W3090535510","https://openalex.org/W3093668434","https://openalex.org/W3093669074","https://openalex.org/W3094502228","https://openalex.org/W3095724921","https://openalex.org/W3097104268","https://openalex.org/W3100944043","https://openalex.org/W3102402181","https://openalex.org/W3102640734","https://openalex.org/W3130012542","https://openalex.org/W3130848108","https://openalex.org/W3132941258","https://openalex.org/W3164376598","https://openalex.org/W3175644580","https://openalex.org/W3197052430","https://openalex.org/W3197108767","https://openalex.org/W3197534805","https://openalex.org/W3198125731","https://openalex.org/W3204313870","https://openalex.org/W4214808100","https://openalex.org/W4235653448","https://openalex.org/W4239557128","https://openalex.org/W4242358495","https://openalex.org/W4249204739","https://openalex.org/W4251386043","https://openalex.org/W4255885670","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6902156295","https://openalex.org/W6939271761"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4375867731","https://openalex.org/W2611989081","https://openalex.org/W4321487865","https://openalex.org/W4313906399","https://openalex.org/W4239306820","https://openalex.org/W4391266461","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Microorganisms":[0],"are":[1,45,126,139,157,174],"widely":[2],"distributed":[3],"in":[4,15],"the":[5,50,65,75,93,108,122,130,143,160,166,168],"human":[6],"daily":[7],"living":[8],"environment.":[9],"They":[10],"play":[11],"an":[12],"essential":[13,33],"role":[14],"environmental":[16],"pollution":[17],"control,":[18],"disease":[19],"prevention":[20],"and":[21,23,25,47,88,96,124,136,153,171],"treatment,":[22],"food":[24],"drug":[26],"production.":[27],"The":[28,41],"analysis":[29,43,53,69,98,113,149,170],"of":[30,38,77,110,132,162],"microorganisms":[31],"is":[32,59],"for":[34],"making":[35],"full":[36],"use":[37],"different":[39,163],"microorganisms.":[40],"conventional":[42],"methods":[44],"laborious":[46],"time-consuming.":[48],"Therefore,":[49,100],"automatic":[51,66],"image":[52,68,94,112,148],"based":[54,114,150],"on":[55,115,151],"artificial":[56,116,133],"neural":[57,117,134,155],"networks":[58,135,138,156],"introduced":[60,127],"to":[61,105,146],"optimize":[62],"it.":[63],"However,":[64],"microorganism":[67,111,147],"faces":[70],"many":[71],"challenges,":[72],"such":[73],"as":[74],"requirement":[76],"a":[78],"robust":[79],"algorithm":[80],"caused":[81,91],"by":[82,92],"various":[83,97],"application":[84],"occasions,":[85],"insignificant":[86],"features":[87],"easy":[89],"under-segmentation":[90],"characteristic,":[95],"tasks.":[99,164],"we":[101],"conduct":[102],"this":[103,120],"review":[104],"comprehensively":[106],"discuss":[107],"characteristics":[109],"networks.":[118],"In":[119,165],"review,":[121],"background":[123],"motivation":[125],"first.":[128],"Then,":[129],"development":[131],"representative":[137],"presented.":[140],"After":[141],"that,":[142],"papers":[144],"related":[145],"classical":[152],"deep":[154],"reviewed":[158],"from":[159],"perspectives":[161],"end,":[167],"methodology":[169],"potential":[172],"direction":[173],"discussed.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":69},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-09T13:55:54.758798","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}