{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2988839538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","title":"Automatic ontology construction from text: a review from shallow to deep learning trend","display_name":"Automatic ontology construction from text: a review from shallow to deep learning trend","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2988839538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","mag":"2988839538"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036250010","display_name":"Fatima N. AL-Aswadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-1207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31605765","display_name":"Hodeidah University","ror":"https://ror.org/05fkpm735","country_code":"YE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]}],"countries":["MY","YE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fatima N. Al-Aswadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen","School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5413-1207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computer Sciences and Engineering, Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31605765"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039839933","display_name":"Huah Yong Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2186-6597"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huah Yong Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043214567","display_name":"Keng Hoon Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2972-3523"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139322472","display_name":"Universiti Sains Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/02rgb2k63","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keng Hoon Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 11800, Gelugor, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139322472"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.9656,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":153,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98190589,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"6","first_page":"3901","last_page":"3928"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10215","display_name":"Semantic Web and Ontologies","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8728829622268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology","display_name":"Ontology","score":0.8171341419219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upper-ontology","display_name":"Upper ontology","score":0.662139892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-learning","display_name":"Ontology learning","score":0.6305944919586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6243841052055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-based-data-integration","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","score":0.6098870038986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process-ontology","display_name":"Process ontology","score":0.5883249640464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.5174322724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web","display_name":"Semantic Web","score":0.5044595003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-biomedical-ontologies","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","score":0.5026485919952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suggested-upper-merged-ontology","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","score":0.49672919511795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/owl-s","display_name":"OWL-S","score":0.4685305953025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ontology-inference-layer","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","score":0.4288516044616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3914582133293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.387977659702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.37361109256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-web-stack","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","score":0.2866719365119934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8728829622268677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25810664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44325","display_name":"Ontology","level":2,"score":0.8171341419219971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78726541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882785","display_name":"Upper ontology","level":3,"score":0.662139892578125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777002027","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3620938","display_name":"Ontology learning","level":5,"score":0.6305944919586182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6243841052055359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22550185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7095047","display_name":"Ontology-based data integration","level":3,"score":0.6098870038986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137003198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247296","display_name":"Process ontology","level":3,"score":0.5883249640464783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5174322724342346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2129575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54837","display_name":"Semantic Web","level":2,"score":0.5044595003128052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137982476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7072326","display_name":"Open Biomedical Ontologies","level":5,"score":0.5026485919952393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50971890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7635093","display_name":"Suggested Upper Merged Ontology","level":4,"score":0.49672919511795044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50382505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2553356","display_name":"OWL-S","level":4,"score":0.4685305953025818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115408247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3882789","display_name":"Ontology Inference Layer","level":5,"score":0.4288516044616699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3914582133293152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.387977659702301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.37361109256744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167379230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026884","display_name":"Semantic Web Stack","level":3,"score":0.2866719365119934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09782-9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.7799999713897705}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60337842","https://openalex.org/W136235661","https://openalex.org/W161615019","https://openalex.org/W181680702","https://openalex.org/W291570921","https://openalex.org/W593405594","https://openalex.org/W1499641710","https://openalex.org/W1505355320","https://openalex.org/W1579749446","https://openalex.org/W1795988145","https://openalex.org/W1802555571","https://openalex.org/W1832693441","https://openalex.org/W1846742003","https://openalex.org/W1964812476","https://openalex.org/W1965605789","https://openalex.org/W1968332217","https://openalex.org/W1973445088","https://openalex.org/W1983989393","https://openalex.org/W1984020445","https://openalex.org/W1986344112","https://openalex.org/W1997709421","https://openalex.org/W1998399571","https://openalex.org/W2011938319","https://openalex.org/W2022163189","https://openalex.org/W2022166150","https://openalex.org/W2030904529","https://openalex.org/W2038154115","https://openalex.org/W2039166384","https://openalex.org/W2061511791","https://openalex.org/W2087511931","https://openalex.org/W2096446497","https://openalex.org/W2097606805","https://openalex.org/W2099808592","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2102609416","https://openalex.org/W2115294179","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2118023920","https://openalex.org/W2119807359","https://openalex.org/W2123585936","https://openalex.org/W2123982464","https://openalex.org/W2124436241","https://openalex.org/W2127978399","https://openalex.org/W2131387542","https://openalex.org/W2133555107","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2139427956","https://openalex.org/W2139622435","https://openalex.org/W2158660329","https://openalex.org/W2171201416","https://openalex.org/W2202505358","https://openalex.org/W2270216190","https://openalex.org/W2428866317","https://openalex.org/W2482599333","https://openalex.org/W2492159292","https://openalex.org/W2496121513","https://openalex.org/W2505312721","https://openalex.org/W2522226587","https://openalex.org/W2546191734","https://openalex.org/W2548195627","https://openalex.org/W2554518797","https://openalex.org/W2611148892","https://openalex.org/W2613634265","https://openalex.org/W2739798230","https://openalex.org/W2744709275","https://openalex.org/W2765772829","https://openalex.org/W2765963896","https://openalex.org/W2778510477","https://openalex.org/W2782342038","https://openalex.org/W2788026998","https://openalex.org/W2791521493","https://openalex.org/W2913932916","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W3151922143","https://openalex.org/W4252616392","https://openalex.org/W7032606057"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2130691104","https://openalex.org/W2401469280","https://openalex.org/W2072752921","https://openalex.org/W2139874817","https://openalex.org/W2394747331","https://openalex.org/W2369088979","https://openalex.org/W4298842574","https://openalex.org/W1988347054","https://openalex.org/W2084805105","https://openalex.org/W2742693795"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":23},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}