{"id":"https://openalex.org/W820315868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","title":"3-D face recognition: features, databases, algorithms and challenges","display_name":"3-D face recognition: features, databases, algorithms and challenges","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-06-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W820315868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","mag":"820315868"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067257243","display_name":"Hemprasad Yashwant Patil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-0765"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hemprasad Patil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8572-0765","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075922092","display_name":"Ashwin Kothari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6149-5607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin Kothari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013891273","display_name":"Kishor M. Bhurchandi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0730-363X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I167153416","display_name":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02zrtpp84","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kishor Bhurchandi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology, Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Visvesvaraya National Institute of Technology-Nagpur, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5067257243"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I167153416"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.118,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95895449,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"393","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.8062140941619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.7959005236625671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7816582918167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/three-dimensional-face-recognition","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","score":0.7293977737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6324127316474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-recognition-grand-challenge","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","score":0.6210936903953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6057138442993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.5020091533660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.48824432492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.44704627990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4357704520225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face-detection","display_name":"Face detection","score":0.4179566502571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.36882323026657104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.8062140941619873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.7959005236625671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7816582918167114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88799230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398329","display_name":"Three-dimensional face recognition","level":5,"score":0.7293977737426758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6324127316474915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191070858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428343","display_name":"Face Recognition Grand Challenge","level":5,"score":0.6210936903953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6057138442993164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.5020091533660889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.48824432492256165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44704627990722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4357704520225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4641261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11681085","display_name":"Face detection","level":4,"score":0.4179566502571106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.36882323026657104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-015-9431-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":176,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W95193141","https://openalex.org/W577102141","https://openalex.org/W625820349","https://openalex.org/W1490178885","https://openalex.org/W1500895378","https://openalex.org/W1504244791","https://openalex.org/W1504795754","https://openalex.org/W1522860045","https://openalex.org/W1523682477","https://openalex.org/W1564861741","https://openalex.org/W1566413196","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1585937623","https://openalex.org/W1595263372","https://openalex.org/W1803061524","https://openalex.org/W1815135298","https://openalex.org/W1854198201","https://openalex.org/W1930582007","https://openalex.org/W1964443500","https://openalex.org/W1970030635","https://openalex.org/W1972978199","https://openalex.org/W1973130838","https://openalex.org/W1974822866","https://openalex.org/W1974857604","https://openalex.org/W1980257741","https://openalex.org/W1981660604","https://openalex.org/W1983733476","https://openalex.org/W1983808739","https://openalex.org/W1985691837","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1994788465","https://openalex.org/W2001198276","https://openalex.org/W2002805939","https://openalex.org/W2003173958","https://openalex.org/W2004993459","https://openalex.org/W2006500012","https://openalex.org/W2009039375","https://openalex.org/W2009712043","https://openalex.org/W2011697391","https://openalex.org/W2014516283","https://openalex.org/W2018857832","https://openalex.org/W2019688122","https://openalex.org/W2020657260","https://openalex.org/W2023244644","https://openalex.org/W2027320904","https://openalex.org/W2027987186","https://openalex.org/W2029131620","https://openalex.org/W2029221124","https://openalex.org/W2034843783","https://openalex.org/W2037061351","https://openalex.org/W2040483884","https://openalex.org/W2041180319","https://openalex.org/W2041800626","https://openalex.org/W2042889871","https://openalex.org/W2044584741","https://openalex.org/W2046434485","https://openalex.org/W2049981393","https://openalex.org/W2050409431","https://openalex.org/W2051410832","https://openalex.org/W2057818700","https://openalex.org/W2060280062","https://openalex.org/W2063668481","https://openalex.org/W2065054546","https://openalex.org/W2065437981","https://openalex.org/W2067381682","https://openalex.org/W2070115136","https://openalex.org/W2070870580","https://openalex.org/W2071035657","https://openalex.org/W2071881355","https://openalex.org/W2073016631","https://openalex.org/W2074443634","https://openalex.org/W2076120547","https://openalex.org/W2081780260","https://openalex.org/W2085261163","https://openalex.org/W2087063852","https://openalex.org/W2087264103","https://openalex.org/W2091182651","https://openalex.org/W2092133874","https://openalex.org/W2097902475","https://openalex.org/W2098236528","https://openalex.org/W2098401339","https://openalex.org/W2099606917","https://openalex.org/W2104539097","https://openalex.org/W2106047956","https://openalex.org/W2106309519","https://openalex.org/W2108333583","https://openalex.org/W2108767394","https://openalex.org/W2109647201","https://openalex.org/W2109741874","https://openalex.org/W2110093903","https://openalex.org/W2110630050","https://openalex.org/W2111080752","https://openalex.org/W2111854216","https://openalex.org/W2112131465","https://openalex.org/W2112770306","https://openalex.org/W2113756180","https://openalex.org/W2115689562","https://openalex.org/W2116258886","https://openalex.org/W2116888754","https://openalex.org/W2117317925","https://openalex.org/W2117715370","https://openalex.org/W2118898923","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2121058675","https://openalex.org/W2121644888","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2122111042","https://openalex.org/W2125676951","https://openalex.org/W2127770110","https://openalex.org/W2128258626","https://openalex.org/W2129594096","https://openalex.org/W2130105873","https://openalex.org/W2132448792","https://openalex.org/W2132902651","https://openalex.org/W2133131023","https://openalex.org/W2133295669","https://openalex.org/W2133540691","https://openalex.org/W2135306623","https://openalex.org/W2137306662","https://openalex.org/W2137508330","https://openalex.org/W2137659841","https://openalex.org/W2137779792","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2138584058","https://openalex.org/W2138931357","https://openalex.org/W2139034591","https://openalex.org/W2140120363","https://openalex.org/W2140257775","https://openalex.org/W2143661311","https://openalex.org/W2144569251","https://openalex.org/W2144820650","https://openalex.org/W2145073242","https://openalex.org/W2146533878","https://openalex.org/W2146617258","https://openalex.org/W2147218432","https://openalex.org/W2148457221","https://openalex.org/W2151103935","https://openalex.org/W2152613897","https://openalex.org/W2152774049","https://openalex.org/W2153379452","https://openalex.org/W2153759571","https://openalex.org/W2154053567","https://openalex.org/W2157061547","https://openalex.org/W2157566779","https://openalex.org/W2158492893","https://openalex.org/W2159270577","https://openalex.org/W2161116336","https://openalex.org/W2161308290","https://openalex.org/W2162522474","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2165168736","https://openalex.org/W2166199906","https://openalex.org/W2166672191","https://openalex.org/W2166743687","https://openalex.org/W2167379413","https://openalex.org/W2167612734","https://openalex.org/W2168055571","https://openalex.org/W2168540480","https://openalex.org/W2169965057","https://openalex.org/W2170785752","https://openalex.org/W2182181591","https://openalex.org/W2275400449","https://openalex.org/W2276248368","https://openalex.org/W2294213976","https://openalex.org/W2488289967","https://openalex.org/W2546776931","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2917743105","https://openalex.org/W2999831383","https://openalex.org/W3005994334","https://openalex.org/W3026604318","https://openalex.org/W3147341335","https://openalex.org/W4231115891","https://openalex.org/W4246042436","https://openalex.org/W6907506001"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2127800163","https://openalex.org/W2918845005","https://openalex.org/W2160958403","https://openalex.org/W3044338123","https://openalex.org/W63491089","https://openalex.org/W4285815683","https://openalex.org/W325114128","https://openalex.org/W2336272890","https://openalex.org/W4308999963","https://openalex.org/W4312238398"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}