{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2041480186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","title":"Natural language processing: a prolog perspective","display_name":"Natural language processing: a prolog perspective","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-12-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2041480186","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","mag":"2041480186"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040079486","display_name":"Christian Bitter","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8221-2792"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christian Bitter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055283205","display_name":"David Elizondo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7398-5870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David A. Elizondo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006135936","display_name":"Yingjie Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4525-5624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I153648349","display_name":"University of Leicester","ror":"https://ror.org/04h699437","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","display_name":"De Montfort University","ror":"https://ror.org/0312pnr83","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yingjie Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE1 9BH, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Computational Intelligence, Faculty of Technology, DeMontfort University, Leicester, United Kingdom LE1 9BH#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055283205"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I153648349","https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.78532691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"33","issue":"1-2","first_page":"151","last_page":"173"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11010","display_name":"Logic, Reasoning, and Knowledge","score":0.9934999942779541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prolog","display_name":"Prolog","score":0.9415826797485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8172814249992371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6409330368041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.6268084049224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.6019877791404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/logic-programming","display_name":"Logic programming","score":0.553941011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.5298898816108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.5236296653747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-programming","display_name":"Natural language programming","score":0.52257239818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.5015707015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.44163021445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/universal-networking-language","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","score":0.2083607017993927}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81721847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163468","display_name":"Prolog","level":2,"score":0.9415826797485352},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8172814249992371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6409330368041992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.6268084049224854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6019877791404724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128838566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q275603","display_name":"Logic programming","level":2,"score":0.553941011428833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5298898816108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.5236296653747559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67463725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17081452","display_name":"Natural language programming","level":5,"score":0.52257239818573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.5015707015991211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.44163021445274353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83479923","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2063748","display_name":"Universal Networking Language","level":4,"score":0.2083607017993927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10462-009-9151-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122814990","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","issn_l":"0269-2821","issn":["0269-2821","1573-7462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Intelligence Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora.dmu.ac.uk:2086/3213","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2086/3213","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400394","display_name":"DMU Open Research Archive (De Montfort University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66943878","host_organization_name":"De Montfort University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66943878"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8600000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W129631606","https://openalex.org/W148665339","https://openalex.org/W1501365369","https://openalex.org/W1501845305","https://openalex.org/W1511244878","https://openalex.org/W1511245309","https://openalex.org/W1523712082","https://openalex.org/W1553280782","https://openalex.org/W1562942180","https://openalex.org/W1574901103","https://openalex.org/W1579134273","https://openalex.org/W1584924167","https://openalex.org/W1589263172","https://openalex.org/W1600071179","https://openalex.org/W1602744479","https://openalex.org/W1651395156","https://openalex.org/W1673436307","https://openalex.org/W1687878826","https://openalex.org/W1874855455","https://openalex.org/W1919692477","https://openalex.org/W1921469684","https://openalex.org/W1972296794","https://openalex.org/W2047274736","https://openalex.org/W2050065334","https://openalex.org/W2097726431","https://openalex.org/W2111498110","https://openalex.org/W2122410182","https://openalex.org/W2146092388","https://openalex.org/W2153516016","https://openalex.org/W2171444999","https://openalex.org/W2404017579","https://openalex.org/W2568509224","https://openalex.org/W2593542943","https://openalex.org/W2912565176","https://openalex.org/W2927318634","https://openalex.org/W3141506681","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600755840","https://openalex.org/W6610776997"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1999702466","https://openalex.org/W2140386967","https://openalex.org/W4248067243","https://openalex.org/W4246503451","https://openalex.org/W4205997139","https://openalex.org/W1534488117","https://openalex.org/W4206249920","https://openalex.org/W1485791179","https://openalex.org/W1560895966","https://openalex.org/W4255908260"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
