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OUR PROPOSED RESEARCH PROGRAM INCLUDES BOTH DEVELOPING THIS NOVEL APPROACH AND DEMONSTRATING ITS CAPABILITIES ON A REPRESENTATIVE SET OF DEMONSTRATION PLATFORMS. R2U2 STANDS FOR RESPONSIVE  REALIZABLE  UNOBTRUSIVE UNIT; IT IS NAMED AFTER ITS THREE CRUCIAL PROPERTIES THAT ARE CURRENTLY ABSENT FROM STATE OF THE ART SHM CAPABILITIES. RESPONSIVENESS MEANS EVALUATING SYSTEM HEALTH IN REAL TIME  WITH PROVABLE TIMING AND PERFORMANCE GUARANTEES. REALIZABILITY INVOLVES BEING ADAPTABLE  EXTENSIBLE  AND SCALABLE TO MULTIPLE PLATFORMS AND ARCHITECTURES. UNOBTRUSIVENESS REQUIRES R2U2 TO OPERATE WITHOUT ALTERING CRUCIAL PROPERTIES OF THE SYSTEM: FUNCTIONALITY  CERTIFIABILITY  TIMING  OR TOLERANCES FOR SIZE  WEIGHT  POWER  TELEMETRY BANDWIDTH  SOFTWARE OVERHEAD. R2U2 IS AN INNOVATIVE  LOW TRL FRAMEWORK FOR RUNTIME VERIFICATION AND SYSTEM HEALTH MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCED SPACE SYSTEMS AND SPACE TECHNOLOGIES THAT SPECIFICALLY ADDRESSES THE NEED TO BE ABLE TO DETECT FAULTS DUE TO HARSH ENVIRONMENTS OR OFF NOMINAL CONDITIONS TO ENABLE SELF GOVERNING AND PERFORMING TASKS AUTONOMOUSLY  WITHOUT HUMAN INTERVENTION. OUR NEW DESIGN FOR RUNTIME OBSERVERS IS MULTI PLATFORM AND MULTI-ARCHITECTURE TO ADDRESS THE REQUIREMENTS AND CAPABILITIES OF THESE EMBEDDED SYSTEMS. R2U2 USES EXTERNAL SENSOR VALUES FOR GROUND-TRUTH OF SOFTWARE ANALYSIS. THE COMBINATION OF TEMPORAL LOGIC OBSERVERS AND BAYESIAN REASONING OVER BOTH SOFTWARE AND SENSORS ENABLES INTELLIGENT REAL-TIME DIAGNOSIS. IN PRELIMINARY STUDIES  WE HAVE SHOWN THAT OUR CONCEPT FOR R2U2 CAN DETECT COMPLEX FAULTS THAT ELUDED TEST ENGINEERS DURING NASA FLIGHT TESTS  WHILE OBEYING OUR REQUIREMENTS TO BE RESPONSIVE  REALIZABLE  AND UNOBTRUSIVE. 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