{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2590081232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","title":"Learning representation hierarchies by sharing visual features: a computational investigation of Persian character recognition with unsupervised deep learning","display_name":"Learning representation hierarchies by sharing visual features: a computational investigation of Persian character recognition with unsupervised deep learning","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-02-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2590081232","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","mag":"2590081232","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28238168"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99753134","display_name":"Cognitive Processing","issn_l":"1612-4782","issn":["1612-4782","1612-4790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100738713","display_name":"Zahra Sadeghi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1360-7499"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I23946033","display_name":"University of Tehran","ror":"https://ror.org/05vf56z40","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}],"countries":["IR","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zahra Sadeghi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I23946033"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027874987","display_name":"Alberto Testolin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-4861"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","display_name":"University of Padua","ror":"https://ror.org/00240q980","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alberto Testolin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. alberto.testolin@unipd.it","Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12/2, 35131, Padua, Italy. alberto.testolin@unipd.it","Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7062-4861","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy. alberto.testolin@unipd.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of General Psychology, University of Padova, Via Venezia 12/2, 35131, Padua, Italy. alberto.testolin@unipd.it","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computational Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, University of Padova, Padua, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027874987"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3390},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6465,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77734546,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"3","first_page":"273","last_page":"284"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9918000102043152,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10775","display_name":"Generative Adversarial Networks and Image Synthesis","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7192784547805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.689041256904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-model","display_name":"Generative model","score":0.6110105514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5477685928344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unsupervised-learning","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","score":0.5225802659988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generative-grammar","display_name":"Generative grammar","score":0.5214128494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5096192359924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.48686355352401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4602033793926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-learning","display_name":"Feature learning","score":0.4173862934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.3627921938896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3449524939060211}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7192784547805786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.689041256904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167966045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5532625","display_name":"Generative model","level":3,"score":0.6110105514526367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5477685928344727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8038995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1152135","display_name":"Unsupervised learning","level":2,"score":0.5225802659988403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39890363","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36108","display_name":"Generative grammar","level":2,"score":0.5214128494262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5096192359924316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.48686355352401733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4602033793926239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.4173862934112549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3627921938896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3449524939060211}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069553","descriptor_name":"Supervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069558","descriptor_name":"Unsupervised Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007858","descriptor_name":"Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014163","descriptor_name":"Transfer, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014163","descriptor_name":"Transfer, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014163","descriptor_name":"Transfer, Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10339-017-0796-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S99753134","display_name":"Cognitive Processing","issn_l":"1612-4782","issn":["1612-4782","1612-4790"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive Processing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28238168","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28238168","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognitive processing","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.research.unipd.it:11577/3309390","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3309390","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402547","display_name":"Padua Research Archive (University of Padova)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I138689650","host_organization_name":"University of Padua","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138689650"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44815768","https://openalex.org/W1479807131","https://openalex.org/W1535810436","https://openalex.org/W1917177419","https://openalex.org/W1973806710","https://openalex.org/W1980175331","https://openalex.org/W1993882792","https://openalex.org/W1998582365","https://openalex.org/W2019377328","https://openalex.org/W2031325729","https://openalex.org/W2041518593","https://openalex.org/W2042492924","https://openalex.org/W2064658612","https://openalex.org/W2068470708","https://openalex.org/W2068664402","https://openalex.org/W2072128103","https://openalex.org/W2077426238","https://openalex.org/W2081112606","https://openalex.org/W2085989895","https://openalex.org/W2090042627","https://openalex.org/W2098580305","https://openalex.org/W2099857613","https://openalex.org/W2100495367","https://openalex.org/W2108379336","https://openalex.org/W2111202794","https://openalex.org/W2111364271","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2113812271","https://openalex.org/W2114174117","https://openalex.org/W2116064496","https://openalex.org/W2116945806","https://openalex.org/W2117130368","https://openalex.org/W2120480077","https://openalex.org/W2122174180","https://openalex.org/W2122922389","https://openalex.org/W2124151298","https://openalex.org/W2124537004","https://openalex.org/W2132760371","https://openalex.org/W2136922672","https://openalex.org/W2149298154","https://openalex.org/W2151035455","https://openalex.org/W2151070148","https://openalex.org/W2153158097","https://openalex.org/W2153791616","https://openalex.org/W2162950292","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2163922914","https://openalex.org/W2165698076","https://openalex.org/W2167044231","https://openalex.org/W2253807446","https://openalex.org/W2278446834","https://openalex.org/W2344656918","https://openalex.org/W2418258938","https://openalex.org/W2464471615","https://openalex.org/W2466533307","https://openalex.org/W2745482427","https://openalex.org/W2763040271","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W2949191843","https://openalex.org/W4255825300"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4365211920","https://openalex.org/W3014948380","https://openalex.org/W4380551139","https://openalex.org/W2280377497","https://openalex.org/W3174759195","https://openalex.org/W3174044702","https://openalex.org/W4238433571","https://openalex.org/W2967848559","https://openalex.org/W4283803360","https://openalex.org/W4317695495"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}