{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2081675581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","title":"Neural networks, linear functions and neglected non-linearity","display_name":"Neural networks, linear functions and neglected non-linearity","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2081675581","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","mag":"2081675581"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28822639","display_name":"Computational Management Science","issn_l":"1619-697X","issn":["1619-697X","1619-6988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110223363","display_name":"Bruce Curry","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"B. Curry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, United Kingdom","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111744026","display_name":"Phil Morgan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","display_name":"Cardiff University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kk7td41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P.H. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, United Kingdom","Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Aberconway Building, Colum Drive, CF10 3EU, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cardiff Business School, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110223363"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9435,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81341013,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8413000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.8413000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sigmoid-function","display_name":"Sigmoid function","score":0.87922203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.6741552352905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.652260422706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/activation-function","display_name":"Activation function","score":0.6052151918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-approximation","display_name":"Linear approximation","score":0.5728128552436829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5657575726509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4913407862186432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.4761146008968353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function-approximation","display_name":"Function approximation","score":0.46809911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/applied-mathematics","display_name":"Applied mathematics","score":0.4577310383319855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.45470696687698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplicity","display_name":"Multiplicity (mathematics)","score":0.44012919068336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-model","display_name":"Linear model","score":0.43680644035339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.42947423458099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.41558337211608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3940543234348297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3937983810901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.23342552781105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.15513595938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.15168464183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07348629832267761}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81388566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q526668","display_name":"Sigmoid function","level":3,"score":0.87922203540802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.6741552352905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.652260422706604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.6052151918411255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160824197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2071054","display_name":"Linear approximation","level":3,"score":0.5728128552436829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5657575726509094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4913407862186432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4761146008968353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91873725","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3445816","display_name":"Function approximation","level":3,"score":0.46809911727905273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4577310383319855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.45470696687698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156004811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2228257","display_name":"Multiplicity (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44012919068336487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163175372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3339222","display_name":"Linear model","level":2,"score":0.43680644035339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.42947423458099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.41558337211608887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3940543234348297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3937983810901642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.23342552781105042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.15513595938682556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.15168464183807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07348629832267761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S28822639","display_name":"Computational Management Science","issn_l":"1619-697X","issn":["1619-697X","1619-6988"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computational Management Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:spr:comgts:v:1:y:2003:i:1:p:15-29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1007/s10287-003-0003-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk:37873","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://orca.cardiff.ac.uk/id/eprint/37873/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401195","display_name":"ORCA Online Research @Cardiff (Cardiff University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I79510175","host_organization_name":"Cardiff University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79510175"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3024979424","https://openalex.org/W4283785902","https://openalex.org/W2895192346","https://openalex.org/W3032499992","https://openalex.org/W2041004593","https://openalex.org/W3134817226","https://openalex.org/W3110577345","https://openalex.org/W4210722876","https://openalex.org/W1973695593","https://openalex.org/W3136275618"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}