{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406855781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","title":"Assessing the Image Quality of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs from Chest CT","display_name":"Assessing the Image Quality of Digitally Reconstructed Radiographs from Chest CT","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406855781","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39871039"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393920007","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","issn_l":"2948-2925","issn":["2948-2925","2948-2933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002209609","display_name":"Olivier Paalvast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-7964"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Olivier T. Paalvast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands. o.t.paalvast@lumc.nl","Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands. o.t.paalvast@lumc.nl","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039506007","display_name":"Omar Hertgers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Omar Hertgers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038637017","display_name":"Merlijn Sevenster","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4118-9551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122849","display_name":"Philips (Netherlands)","ror":"https://ror.org/02p2bgp27","country_code":"NL","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merlijn Sevenster","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands","Royal Philips B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Royal Philips B.V., Amsterdam, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122849"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061356869","display_name":"Hildo J. Lamb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6969-2418"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800006345","display_name":"Leiden University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17","country_code":"NL","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hildo J. Lamb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Leiden University Medical Center (LUMC), Leiden, the Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002209609"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800006345"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01228545,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"5","first_page":"3263","last_page":"3270"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10844","display_name":"Radiation Dose and Imaging","score":0.9975000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9973999857902527,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.6820594072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.6280410289764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.5706858038902283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.5211246609687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.44569021463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/receiver-operating-characteristic","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","score":0.42844894528388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-score","display_name":"Quality Score","score":0.41725942492485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagnostic-accuracy","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","score":0.4160272181034088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.39802706241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3556588590145111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2716441750526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12179127335548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.09624534845352173}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.6820594072341919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.6280410289764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5706858038902283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.5211246609687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.44569021463394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58471807","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327120","display_name":"Receiver operating characteristic","level":2,"score":0.42844894528388977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779346075","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268763","display_name":"Quality Score","level":3,"score":0.41725942492485046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020132585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2671652","display_name":"Diagnostic accuracy","level":2,"score":0.4160272181034088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.39802706241607666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3556588590145111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2716441750526428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12179127335548401},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.09624534845352173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010865","descriptor_name":"Pilot Projects","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393920007","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","issn_l":"2948-2925","issn":["2948-2925","2948-2933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:39871039","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39871039","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of imaging informatics in medicine","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:11379862","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12572527","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12572527/pdf/10278_2025_Article_1406.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl:item_4245401","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1887/4245401","pdf_url":"https://scholarlypublications.universiteitleiden.nl/access/item%3A4245402/view","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400850","display_name":"Leiden Repository (Leiden University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I121797337","host_organization_name":"Leiden University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121797337"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-025-01406-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4393920007","display_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","issn_l":"2948-2925","issn":["2948-2925","2948-2933"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Imaging Informatics in Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.49000000953674316}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F210858579","display_name":"Philips Medical Systems","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323080","display_name":"Leids Universitair Medisch Centrum","ror":"https://ror.org/05xvt9f17"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406855781.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406855781.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W159321140","https://openalex.org/W1997041134","https://openalex.org/W2059222318","https://openalex.org/W2085765714","https://openalex.org/W2133255533","https://openalex.org/W2328176404","https://openalex.org/W2753887715","https://openalex.org/W2806167384","https://openalex.org/W2921237545","https://openalex.org/W2963270077","https://openalex.org/W2986571455","https://openalex.org/W3010759084","https://openalex.org/W3045237187","https://openalex.org/W3081059550","https://openalex.org/W3105324943","https://openalex.org/W3124047464","https://openalex.org/W4300485340","https://openalex.org/W4392381939"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038521918","https://openalex.org/W72732009","https://openalex.org/W2066362959","https://openalex.org/W3194862240","https://openalex.org/W4206325381","https://openalex.org/W2295706819","https://openalex.org/W2161907179","https://openalex.org/W2043597472","https://openalex.org/W54224318","https://openalex.org/W2552902349"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Rising":[0],"computed":[1],"tomography":[2],"(CT)":[3],"workloads":[4],"require":[5],"more":[6],"efficient":[7],"image":[8,47,116,216],"interpretation":[9],"methods.":[10],"Digitally":[11],"reconstructed":[12],"radiographs":[13],"(DRRs),":[14],"generated":[15,82,122],"from":[16,123,130,160],"CT":[17,74],"data,":[18],"may":[19,233],"enhance":[20],"workflow":[21],"efficiency":[22],"by":[23],"enabling":[24],"faster":[25],"radiological":[26],"assessments.":[27],"Various":[28],"techniques":[29,158,232],"exist":[30],"for":[31,152],"generating":[32],"DRRs.":[33],"We":[34,53],"conducted":[35],"a":[36,87,127],"pilot":[37],"study":[38],"to":[39,91,97,101,132,137,162,206],"explore":[40],"which":[41,143],"DRR":[42,59,157,215],"technique":[43,183],"best":[44],"approaches":[45],"the":[46,105,115,119,169,173,188,194,238],"quality":[48,117,171],"of":[49,65,118,172,221,241],"chest":[50,73],"X-Rays":[51],"(CXR).":[52],"quantitatively":[54],"and":[55,75,85,99,140,177,193,224],"qualitatively":[56],"compared":[57],"four":[58,120],"techniques.":[60],"A":[61],"retrospective":[62],"convenience":[63],"sample":[64],"217":[66],"patients":[67],"who":[68],"underwent":[69],"both":[70,187],"ultra-low-dose":[71],"(ULD)":[72],"CXR":[76],"was":[77,95,144,154],"used.":[78],"Four":[79],"DRRs":[80,100,121,174,200,236],"were":[81],"per":[83],"ULDCT,":[84],"CheXNet,":[86],"neural":[88],"network":[89],"trained":[90],"detect":[92],"14":[93],"diseases,":[94],"applied":[96],"CXRs":[98,153],"compute":[102],"area":[103],"under":[104],"curve":[106],"(AUC)":[107],"scores.":[108],"For":[109],"qualitative":[110,195],"assessment,":[111],"six":[112,124],"radiologists":[113,211],"rated":[114,168],"ULDCTs":[125],"on":[126,179],"Likert":[128],"scale":[129],"1":[131],"6":[133],"('not":[134],"diagnostic":[135,170,239],"quality'":[136],"'diagnostic":[138],"quality')":[139],"provided":[141],"feedback,":[142],"analysed":[145],"using":[146],"inductive":[147],"category":[148],"development.":[149],"CheXNet's":[150],"AUC":[151],"0.80,":[155],"while":[156],"ranged":[159],"0.75":[161],"0.82":[163],"(p":[164],">":[165],"0.26).":[166],"Radiologists":[167],"between":[175],"3.0":[176],"3.5":[178],"average.":[180],"The":[181],"SoftMip":[182],"scored":[184],"highest":[185],"in":[186,219],"quantitative":[189],"(AUC":[190],"=":[191,197],"0.82)":[192],"(score":[196],"3.5)":[198],"evaluation.":[199],"showed":[201],"comparable":[202],"disease":[203],"detection":[204],"performance":[205],"CXRs,":[207],"suggesting":[208],"non-inferiority.":[209],"However,":[210],"expressed":[212],"concerns":[213],"about":[214],"quality,":[217],"particularly":[218],"terms":[220],"resolution,":[222],"noise,":[223],"overall":[225],"look-and-feel.":[226],"Addressing":[227],"these":[228],"limitations":[229],"with":[230,237],"advanced":[231],"further":[234],"align":[235],"standards":[240],"CXRs.":[242]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
