{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3157660905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","title":"Deep Learning Body Region Classification of MRI and CT Examinations","display_name":"Deep Learning Body Region Classification of MRI and CT Examinations","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-03-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3157660905","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","mag":"3157660905","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36894697"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109904004","display_name":"Philippe Raffy","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2799316669","display_name":"St. Clair College","ror":"https://ror.org/02vds7q94","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799316669"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Philippe Raffy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clairity, Austin, TX, USA","Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clairity, Austin, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2799316669"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108471690","display_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Pambrun","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Fran\u00e7ois Pambrun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101676078","display_name":"Ashish Kumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2905-3563"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1310439424","display_name":"Accenture (Switzerland)","ror":"https://ror.org/041r3e346","country_code":"CH","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210093804"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099672","display_name":"Accenture (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013g16z83","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210093804","https://openalex.org/I4210099672"]}],"countries":["CH","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashish Kumar","raw_affiliation_strings":[", Accenture, San Francisco, CA, USA","Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", Accenture, San Francisco, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1310439424","https://openalex.org/I4210099672"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089167968","display_name":"D Dubois","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-9605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130510345","display_name":"Dayeh University","ror":"https://ror.org/03c6e8r26","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130510345"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Dubois","raw_affiliation_strings":["Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada. David.Dubois1@changehealthcare.com","Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6629-9605","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada. David.Dubois1@changehealthcare.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130510345"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040915745","display_name":"Jay Patti","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115359","display_name":"Radiology Associates","ror":"https://ror.org/029gpgj23","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115359"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jay Waldron Patti","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mecklenburg Radiology Associates, Charlotte, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mecklenburg Radiology Associates, Charlotte, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210115359"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112634956","display_name":"Robyn Cairns","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robyn Alexandra Cairns","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016766795","display_name":"Ryan Young","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210140341","display_name":"Allen Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03cpe7c52","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for AI, Seattle, WA, USA","Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for AI, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210140341"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Enterprise Imaging Solutions, Change Healthcare, 10711 Cambie Road, Richmond, BC, V6X 3G5, Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089167968"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130510345"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"fwci":3.7185,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93250258,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"1291","last_page":"1301"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12386","display_name":"Advanced X-ray and CT Imaging","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10522","display_name":"Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.6380193829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5640347003936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrospective-cohort-study","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","score":0.5275775194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/magnetic-resonance-imaging","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","score":0.5086220502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-imaging","display_name":"Medical imaging","score":0.4447237253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.4256877601146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confounding","display_name":"Confounding","score":0.4255208373069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.35961776971817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nuclear-medicine","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","score":0.346059650182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.1394437551498413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6380193829536438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5640347003936768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167135981","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2146302","display_name":"Retrospective cohort study","level":2,"score":0.5275775194168091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.5086220502853394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.4447237253189087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.4256877601146698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77350462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1125472","display_name":"Confounding","level":2,"score":0.4255208373069763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.35961776971817017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989005","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214963","display_name":"Nuclear medicine","level":1,"score":0.346059650182724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.1394437551498413}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000077321","descriptor_name":"Deep Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012189","descriptor_name":"Retrospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018594","descriptor_name":"Human Body","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018594","descriptor_name":"Human Body","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018594","descriptor_name":"Human Body","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:36894697","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36894697","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2104.13826","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2104.13826","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2104.13826","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:10407003","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10407003","pdf_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC10407003/pdf/10278_2022_Article_767.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-022-00767-9.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3157660905.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1504543387","https://openalex.org/W2117897510","https://openalex.org/W2148535433","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2344858100","https://openalex.org/W2471138382","https://openalex.org/W2628684354","https://openalex.org/W2884015673","https://openalex.org/W2963904968","https://openalex.org/W2971828568","https://openalex.org/W2977942577","https://openalex.org/W2978079668","https://openalex.org/W2985362418","https://openalex.org/W3100511085","https://openalex.org/W3122115023","https://openalex.org/W3155140410","https://openalex.org/W3209273692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2994176440","https://openalex.org/W2510575233","https://openalex.org/W2481749367","https://openalex.org/W830718730","https://openalex.org/W2495367848","https://openalex.org/W2793477322","https://openalex.org/W4236720793","https://openalex.org/W1992228662","https://openalex.org/W4246786946","https://openalex.org/W2503931704"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"demonstrates":[2],"the":[3,15,76,83,92,118,127,194],"high":[4,265],"performance":[5],"of":[6,11,38,103,126,153,201,222,235],"deep":[7],"learning":[8,248],"in":[9,41,64,204],"identification":[10],"body":[12,18,62,73,79,106,257],"regions":[13,63,74],"covering":[14,75],"entire":[16,77],"human":[17,78],"from":[19,112,183,210],"magnetic":[20],"resonance":[21],"(MR)":[22],"and":[23,33,66,97,120,124,144,167,189,207,227,232,240,253,261],"computed":[24],"tomography":[25],"(CT)":[26],"axial":[27],"images":[28,255],"across":[29],"diverse":[30],"acquisition":[31],"protocols":[32],"modality":[34],"manufacturers.":[35],"Pixel-based":[36],"analysis":[37],"anatomy":[39],"contained":[40],"image":[42],"sets":[43],"can":[44,250],"provide":[45],"accurate":[46],"anatomic":[47],"labeling.":[48],"For":[49],"this":[50],"purpose,":[51],"a":[52,100,113,150],"convolutional":[53],"neural":[54],"network":[55,116],"(CNN)-based":[56],"classifier":[57,128],"was":[58,129],"developed":[59],"to":[60,193,214],"identify":[61],"CT":[65,70,145,156,226,239,252],"MRI":[67,142,170,231,244],"studies.":[68],"Seventeen":[69],"(18":[71],"MRI)":[72],"were":[80,89,245],"defined":[81],"for":[82,91,131,225,230,238,243],"classification":[84],"task.":[85],"Three":[86],"retrospective":[87,151],"datasets":[88,110],"built":[90],"AI":[93],"model":[94],"training,":[95],"validation,":[96,161,175],"testing,":[98],"with":[99,264],"balanced":[101],"distribution":[102],"studies":[104],"per":[105],"region.":[107],"The":[108,147,197],"test":[109,195],"originated":[111],"different":[114],"healthcare":[115],"than":[117],"train":[119],"validation":[121],"datasets.":[122,196],"Sensitivity":[123],"specificity":[125,234],"evaluated":[130],"patient":[132,134],"age,":[133],"sex,":[135],"institution,":[136],"scanner":[137],"manufacturer,":[138],"contrast,":[139],"slice":[140],"thickness,":[141],"sequence,":[143],"kernel.":[146],"data":[148,198],"included":[149,199],"cohort":[152],"2891":[154],"anonymized":[155,169],"cases":[157,171,200],"(training,":[158,172],"1804":[159],"studies;":[160,163,174,177],"602":[162],"test,":[164,178],"485":[165],"studies)":[166],"3339":[168],"1911":[173],"636":[176],"792":[179],"studies).":[180],"Twenty-seven":[181],"institutions":[182],"primary":[184],"care":[185],"hospitals,":[186,188],"community":[187],"imaging":[190],"centers":[191],"contributed":[192],"all":[202],"sexes":[203],"equal":[205],"proportions":[206],"subjects":[208],"aged":[209],"18":[211],"years":[212,217],"old":[213],"+":[215],"90":[216],"old.":[218],"Image-level":[219],"weighted":[220,233],"sensitivity":[221],"92.5%":[223],"(92.1-92.8)":[224],"92.3%":[228],"(92.0-92.5)":[229],"99.4%":[236],"(99.4-99.5)":[237],"99.2%":[241],"(99.1-99.2)":[242],"achieved.":[246],"Deep":[247],"models":[249],"classify":[251],"MR":[254],"by":[256],"region":[258],"including":[259],"lower":[260],"upper":[262],"extremities":[263],"accuracy.":[266]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-13T06:13:01.061226","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
