{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4206091829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","title":"Deep CNN with Hybrid Binary Local Search and Particle Swarm Optimizer for Exudates Classification from Fundus Images","display_name":"Deep CNN with Hybrid Binary Local Search and Particle Swarm Optimizer for Exudates Classification from Fundus Images","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-01-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4206091829","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997375"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8854611","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109593348","display_name":"J. Ramya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101093","display_name":"St. Joseph's Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012npkr10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154592","display_name":"St. Joseph\u2019s College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01g3pby21","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. Ramya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India. ramsharsha@gmail.com","Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India. ramsharsha@gmail.com","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592","https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109870131","display_name":"M. P. Rajakumar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154592","display_name":"St. Joseph\u2019s College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01g3pby21","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101093","display_name":"St. Joseph's Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012npkr10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. P. Rajakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592","https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071520668","display_name":"B. Uma Maheswari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9707-285X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154592","display_name":"St. Joseph\u2019s College of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/01g3pby21","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210101093","display_name":"St. Joseph's Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/012npkr10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B. Uma Maheswari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science and Engineering, St. Joseph's College of Engineering, OMR, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154592","https://openalex.org/I4210101093"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109593348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210101093","https://openalex.org/I4387154592"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4727,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80264641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"1","first_page":"56","last_page":"67"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14319","display_name":"Currency Recognition and Detection","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9718000292778015,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6271414160728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6127946972846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.5705451369285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5519935488700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/particle-swarm-optimization","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","score":0.5362014174461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.5152295231819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fundus","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","score":0.4547341465950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.38507968187332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.35585448145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.22257834672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.2026212513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ophthalmology","display_name":"Ophthalmology","score":0.19650483131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.1729925274848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15870165824890137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6271414160728455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6127946972846985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.5705451369285583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5519935488700867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.5362014174461365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.5152295231819153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776391266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9612","display_name":"Fundus (uterus)","level":2,"score":0.4547341465950012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.38507968187332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.35585448145866394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.22257834672927856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2026212513446808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.19650483131408691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.1729925274848938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15870165824890137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003930","descriptor_name":"Diabetic Retinopathy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005122","descriptor_name":"Exudates and Transudates","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005654","descriptor_name":"Fundus Oculi","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-021-00534-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:34997375","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34997375","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8854611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8854611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8854611","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8854611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483010708","https://openalex.org/W1971214722","https://openalex.org/W2010099973","https://openalex.org/W2025432719","https://openalex.org/W2078789324","https://openalex.org/W2115185191","https://openalex.org/W2168570425","https://openalex.org/W2518769093","https://openalex.org/W2573137292","https://openalex.org/W2590197348","https://openalex.org/W2593230217","https://openalex.org/W2749049648","https://openalex.org/W2769713325","https://openalex.org/W2791227043","https://openalex.org/W2793336785","https://openalex.org/W2801323795","https://openalex.org/W2888821844","https://openalex.org/W2889756777","https://openalex.org/W2897437971","https://openalex.org/W2898936434","https://openalex.org/W2906258544","https://openalex.org/W2907943516","https://openalex.org/W2911970391","https://openalex.org/W2946769843","https://openalex.org/W2990019725","https://openalex.org/W3005762692","https://openalex.org/W3035016310","https://openalex.org/W3044754832","https://openalex.org/W3047117439","https://openalex.org/W3084265465","https://openalex.org/W3091827594","https://openalex.org/W3092420398","https://openalex.org/W3101675327","https://openalex.org/W3130913316","https://openalex.org/W3149968210","https://openalex.org/W3153496989","https://openalex.org/W3183014528","https://openalex.org/W3189185364","https://openalex.org/W3193728044","https://openalex.org/W3207509935","https://openalex.org/W4234363854","https://openalex.org/W4247563072"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2794489335","https://openalex.org/W2080437822","https://openalex.org/W2153027217","https://openalex.org/W2855870609","https://openalex.org/W1987527207","https://openalex.org/W3144203963","https://openalex.org/W825775831"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-04-29T09:16:38.111599","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}