{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3094415973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","title":"Lung Nodule Classification Using Biomarkers, Volumetric Radiomics, and 3D CNNs","display_name":"Lung Nodule Classification Using Biomarkers, Volumetric Radiomics, and 3D CNNs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-02-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3094415973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","mag":"3094415973","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33532893"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"preprint","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062115958","display_name":"Kushal Mehta","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kushal Mehta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032809112","display_name":"Arshita Jain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arshita Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022345541","display_name":"Jayalakshmi Mangalagiri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jayalakshmi Mangalagiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086143523","display_name":"Sumeet Menon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1114-4248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sumeet Menon","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108059455","display_name":"Phuong Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4862-8396"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Phuong Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland,Baltimore County,MD,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011098359","display_name":"David Chapman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1722-9883"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79272384","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David R. Chapman","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA. dchapm2@umbc.edu","University of Maryland Baltimore County,  USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County, MD, USA. dchapm2@umbc.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Maryland Baltimore County,  USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062115958"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79272384"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"fwci":0.4162,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59988144,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"34","issue":"3","first_page":"647","last_page":"666"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10202","display_name":"Lung Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiomics","display_name":"Radiomics","score":0.7323907613754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.682842493057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6796217560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5988742709159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5605888366699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malignancy","display_name":"Malignancy","score":0.5541561841964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.48357030749320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contextual-image-classification","display_name":"Contextual image classification","score":0.4204043745994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4132576882839203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3231443762779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3041855990886688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathology","display_name":"Pathology","score":0.190439373254776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23808793","display_name":"Radiomics","level":2,"score":0.7323907613754272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.682842493057251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6796217560768127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5988742709159851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5605888366699219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779399171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1483951","display_name":"Malignancy","level":2,"score":0.5541561841964722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.48357030749320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75294576","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165192","display_name":"Contextual image classification","level":3,"score":0.4204043745994568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4132576882839203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3231443762779236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3041855990886688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.190439373254776}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003074","descriptor_name":"Solitary Pulmonary Nodule","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008168","descriptor_name":"Lung","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008175","descriptor_name":"Lung Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011857","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Interpretation, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014057","descriptor_name":"Tomography, X-Ray Computed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015415","descriptor_name":"Biomarkers","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33532893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33532893","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2010.11682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2010.11682","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11682","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:3094415973","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2010.11682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:mdsoar.org:11603/20211","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11603/20211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402556","display_name":"Maryland Shared Open Access Repository (USMAI Consortium)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:8329152","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8329152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.2010.11682","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.2010.11682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.13016/m21oap-ttg0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.13016/m21oap-ttg0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402644","display_name":"Digital Repository at the University of Maryland (University of Maryland College Park)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66946132","host_organization_name":"University of Maryland, College Park","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66946132"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-020-00417-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.44999998807907104,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309204","display_name":"University of Maryland, Baltimore County","ror":"https://ror.org/02qskvh78"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094415973.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3094415973.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1898227994","https://openalex.org/W1986649315","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2136177244","https://openalex.org/W2313422996","https://openalex.org/W2523726602","https://openalex.org/W2560270720","https://openalex.org/W2566620708","https://openalex.org/W2769848455","https://openalex.org/W2770853452","https://openalex.org/W2791187255","https://openalex.org/W2791260913","https://openalex.org/W2907066824","https://openalex.org/W2963488165","https://openalex.org/W2987854584"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3012090578","https://openalex.org/W2613475099","https://openalex.org/W2997994114","https://openalex.org/W3160643432","https://openalex.org/W3012315407","https://openalex.org/W1914906354","https://openalex.org/W2983956761","https://openalex.org/W2527523823","https://openalex.org/W2991460591","https://openalex.org/W2968458129","https://openalex.org/W2611213375","https://openalex.org/W2732063980","https://openalex.org/W2080882283","https://openalex.org/W2553191729","https://openalex.org/W2534286564","https://openalex.org/W3172446274","https://openalex.org/W3205383291","https://openalex.org/W3125654474","https://openalex.org/W3042146124","https://openalex.org/W2903502255"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,51,117,207],"present":[1],"a":[2,26,35,185,244],"hybrid":[3],"algorithm":[4,24,59],"to":[5,40,88,110,239],"estimate":[6],"lung":[7],"nodule":[8,94],"malignancy":[9,146,223],"that":[10,119,184,196,211],"combines":[11,197],"imaging":[12],"biomarkers":[13,82,189,198],"from":[14],"Radiologist's":[15],"annotation":[16,46],"with":[17,44,160,170,177,199],"image":[18,168,188],"classification":[19,115,169],"of":[20,57,79,93,122,127,137,145,148,150,163,246],"CT":[21,42],"scans.":[22],"Our":[23],"employs":[25],"3D":[27,202],"Convolutional":[28],"Neural":[29],"Network":[30],"(CNN)":[31],"as":[32,34,232,234,236],"well":[33,235],"Random":[36],"Forest":[37],"in":[38,86,220],"order":[39,87],"combine":[41],"imagery":[43,66,70,80],"biomarker":[45],"and":[47,53,75,112,172,204],"volumetric":[48,72,84,173,200],"radiomic":[49,73],"features.":[50],"analyze":[52],"compare":[54],"the":[55,58,77,90,114,120,132,138,143,151,161,209,228],"performance":[56],"using":[60,187],"only":[61,63],"imagery,":[62],"biomarkers,":[64,68,233],"combined":[65,69,176],"+":[67,71,81,83],"features,":[74],"finally":[76],"combination":[78],"features":[85,174],"classify":[89],"suspicion":[91],"level":[92],"malignancy.":[95],"The":[96],"National":[97],"Cancer":[98],"Institute":[99],"(NCI)":[100],"Lung":[101],"Image":[102],"Database":[103],"Consortium":[104],"(LIDC)":[105],"IDRI":[106],"dataset":[107],"is":[108,156,175,191],"used":[109],"train":[111],"evaluate":[113],"task.":[116],"show":[118,183],"incorporation":[121],"semi-supervised":[123,165,205],"learning":[124,166],"by":[125,217,227],"means":[126],"K-Nearest-Neighbors":[128],"(KNN)":[129],"can":[130],"increase":[131],"available":[133],"training":[134],"sample":[135],"size":[136],"LIDC-IDRI,":[139],"thereby":[140],"further":[141],"improving":[142],"accuracy":[144],"estimation":[147],"most":[149],"models":[152],"tested":[153],"although":[154],"there":[155],"no":[157],"significant":[158],"improvement":[159],"use":[162],"KNN":[164],"if":[167],"CNNs":[171],"descriptive":[178],"biomarkers.":[179],"Unexpectedly,":[180],"we":[181],"also":[182],"model":[186],"alone":[190],"more":[192],"accurate":[193],"than":[194],"one":[195],"radiomics,":[201],"CNNs,":[203],"learning.":[206],"discuss":[208],"possibility":[210],"this":[212],"result":[213],"may":[214],"be":[215],"influenced":[216],"cognitive":[218],"bias":[219],"LIDC-IDRI":[221],"because":[222],"estimates":[224],"were":[225],"recorded":[226],"same":[229],"radiologist":[230],"panel":[231],"future":[237],"work":[238],"incorporate":[240],"pathology":[241],"information":[242],"over":[243],"subset":[245],"study":[247],"participants.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
