{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2592765733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","title":"Fully Automated Deep Learning System for Bone Age Assessment","display_name":"Fully Automated Deep Learning System for Bone Age Assessment","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2592765733","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","mag":"2592765733","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071317994","display_name":"Hyunkwang Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4806-6709"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hyunkwang Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030181076","display_name":"Shahein Tajmir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0407-1554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shahein Tajmir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100740737","display_name":"Jenny Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4024-0933"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jenny Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057621975","display_name":"Maurice Zissen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Zissen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054664710","display_name":"Bethel Ayele Yeshiwas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bethel Ayele Yeshiwas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029007328","display_name":"Tarik K. Alkasab","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4433-9482"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tarik K. Alkasab","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042051209","display_name":"Garry Choy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7283-386X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Garry Choy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091480554","display_name":"Synho Do","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6211-7050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210087915","display_name":"Massachusetts General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/002pd6e78","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I48633490"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Synho Do","raw_affiliation_strings":["Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. sdo@mgh.harvard.edu","Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA. sdo@mgh.harvard.edu","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Radiology, 25 New Chardon Street, Suite 400B, Boston, MA, 02114, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210087915","https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071317994"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984","https://openalex.org/I4210087915"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"fwci":352.9037,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":444,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99998173,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"427","last_page":"441"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9534000158309937,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10368","display_name":"Dental Health and Care Utilization","score":0.007799999788403511,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10071","display_name":"Bone health and osteoporosis research","score":0.007400000002235174,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.7803170680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6585028171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6372805833816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.63104647397995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bone-age","display_name":"Bone age","score":0.6240749359130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pipeline","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","score":0.5406785011291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.5392531156539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test","display_name":"Test (biology)","score":0.4222319722175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.4136020541191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3838307559490204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.3222233057022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.21172145009040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anatomy","display_name":"Anatomy","score":0.08959996700286865}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.7803170680999756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6585028171539307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6372805833816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.63104647397995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89551170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1777274","display_name":"Bone age","level":2,"score":0.6240749359130859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43521106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2165493","display_name":"Pipeline (software)","level":2,"score":0.5406785011291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.5392531156539917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4222319722175598},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4136020541191101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3838307559490204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3222233057022095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.21172145009040833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.08959996700286865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000069550","descriptor_name":"Machine Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000365","descriptor_name":"Age Determination by Skeleton","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006225","descriptor_name":"Hand","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012984","descriptor_name":"Software","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016571","descriptor_name":"Neural Networks, Computer","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D020000","descriptor_name":"Decision Support Systems, Clinical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28275919","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28275919","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/34375240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:34375240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:5537090","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5537090","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-017-9955-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592765733.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2592765733.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W305284224","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1797268635","https://openalex.org/W1849277567","https://openalex.org/W1989831107","https://openalex.org/W2008561033","https://openalex.org/W2016153757","https://openalex.org/W2017192300","https://openalex.org/W2018025896","https://openalex.org/W2040421388","https://openalex.org/W2077193026","https://openalex.org/W2086567123","https://openalex.org/W2097117768","https://openalex.org/W2102605133","https://openalex.org/W2108598243","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2127779261","https://openalex.org/W2155893237","https://openalex.org/W2162206900","https://openalex.org/W2163605009","https://openalex.org/W2169393322","https://openalex.org/W2176032548","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2253429366","https://openalex.org/W2290566097","https://openalex.org/W2293067732","https://openalex.org/W2320434606","https://openalex.org/W2323929895","https://openalex.org/W2327793514","https://openalex.org/W2344858100","https://openalex.org/W2344912502","https://openalex.org/W2345010043","https://openalex.org/W2346062110","https://openalex.org/W2419597278","https://openalex.org/W2533598788","https://openalex.org/W2546241758","https://openalex.org/W2801693001","https://openalex.org/W2919115771","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4293226380","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3193565141","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W4210566992","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3167935049","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Skeletal":[0],"maturity":[1],"progresses":[2],"through":[3],"discrete":[4],"phases,":[5],"a":[6,56,64,109,182],"fact":[7],"that":[8],"is":[9],"used":[10],"routinely":[11],"in":[12,24,49,177],"pediatrics":[13],"where":[14],"bone":[15],"age":[16,23],"assessments":[17],"(BAAs)":[18],"are":[19],"compared":[20],"to":[21,34,41,62,87,154,159],"chronological":[22],"the":[25,43,94,121,138,150,170,178,200],"evaluation":[26],"of":[27,66,120],"endocrine":[28],"and":[29,69,73,90,96,115,132,189],"metabolic":[30],"disorders.":[31],"While":[32],"central":[33],"many":[35],"disease":[36],"evaluations,":[37],"little":[38],"has":[39],"changed":[40],"improve":[42],"tedious":[44],"process":[45],"since":[46],"its":[47],"introduction":[48],"1950.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52],"study,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"fully":[57,171],"automated":[58,172],"deep":[59],"learning":[60],"pipeline":[61],"segment":[63],"region":[65],"interest,":[67],"standardize":[68],"preprocess":[70],"input":[71,139],"radiographs,":[72],"perform":[74,155],"BAA.":[75,156,168],"Our":[76],"models":[77],"use":[78],"an":[79],"ImageNet":[80],"pretrained,":[81],"fine-tuned":[82],"convolutional":[83],"neural":[84],"network":[85],"(CNN)":[86],"achieve":[88],"57.32":[89],"61.40%":[91],"accuracies":[92],"for":[93,186],"female":[95],"male":[97],"cohorts":[98],"on":[99],"our":[100],"held-out":[101],"test":[102,105,124],"images.":[103],"Female":[104],"radiographs":[106,125],"were":[107,126,144],"assigned":[108,127],"BAA":[110,173],"within":[111,116,129,134],"1":[112,130],"year":[113,131],"90.39%":[114],"2":[117,135],"years":[118],"98.11%":[119],"time.":[122],"Male":[123],"94.18%":[128],"99.00%":[133],"years.":[136],"Using":[137],"occlusion":[140],"method,":[141],"attention":[142],"maps":[143],"created":[145],"which":[146],"reveal":[147],"what":[148,160],"features":[149],"trained":[151],"model":[152],"uses":[153],"These":[157],"correspond":[158],"human":[161],"experts":[162],"look":[163],"at":[164,192],"when":[165],"manually":[166],"performing":[167],"Finally,":[169],"system":[174,185],"was":[175],"deployed":[176],"clinical":[179],"environment":[180],"as":[181],"decision":[183],"supporting":[184],"more":[187],"accurate":[188],"efficient":[190],"BAAs":[191],"much":[193],"faster":[194],"interpretation":[195],"time":[196],"(<2":[197],"s)":[198],"than":[199],"conventional":[201],"method.":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":45},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":75},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}