{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2087802383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","title":"Investigation of the Variability in the Assessment of Digital Chest X-ray Image Quality","display_name":"Investigation of the Variability in the Assessment of Digital Chest X-ray Image Quality","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-31","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2087802383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","mag":"2087802383","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22850934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091805054","display_name":"Jacquelyn S. Whaley","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jacquelyn S. Whaley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY 14615, USA. jacquelyn.whaley@carestream.com","CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., Rochester, NY 14615, USA. jacquelyn.whaley@carestream.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046454033","display_name":"Barry D. Pressman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9080-7718"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115780","display_name":"S. Mark Taper Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02cdjbt38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barry D. Pressman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089322714","display_name":"Jonathan R. Wilson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115780","display_name":"S. Mark Taper Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02cdjbt38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jonathan R. Wilson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043456255","display_name":"Lionel Bravo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115780","display_name":"S. Mark Taper Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/02cdjbt38","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166946","display_name":"Imaging Center","ror":"https://ror.org/05hsqsk33","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282927834","display_name":"Cedars-Sinai Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02pammg90","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lionel Bravo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Imaging, S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 8700 Beverly Blvd., Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780","https://openalex.org/I1282927834"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"S. Mark Taper Foundation Imaging Center Cedars\u2010Sinai Medical Center","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282927834","https://openalex.org/I4210166946","https://openalex.org/I4210115780"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083264349","display_name":"William J. Sehnert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-7615-7577"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146378","display_name":"Applications Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048kv9325","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146378"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William J. Sehnert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., 1049 Ridge Road W., Rochester, NY, 14615, USA","CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., 1049 Ridge Road W., Rochester, NY, 14615, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210146378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112398794","display_name":"David H. Foos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175669267","display_name":"Carestream (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048m16q57","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210146378","display_name":"Applications Research (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/048kv9325","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210146378"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David H. Foos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., 1049 Ridge Road W., Rochester, NY, 14615, USA","CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Clinical Applications Research, Carestream Health, Inc., 1049 Ridge Road W., Rochester, NY, 14615, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267","https://openalex.org/I4210146378"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"CARESTREAM HEALTH, INC","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5091805054"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175669267"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":39,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.15322722,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"217","last_page":"226"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11894","display_name":"Radiology practices and education","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-quality","display_name":"Image quality","score":0.6898459792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiography","display_name":"Radiography","score":0.6310660243034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interpretability","display_name":"Interpretability","score":0.5561008453369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-radiography","display_name":"Digital radiography","score":0.5258914828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-physics","display_name":"Medical physics","score":0.5123721361160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.506510853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.45993638038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.4385778307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4314875602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-image","display_name":"Digital image","score":0.42323172092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radiology","display_name":"Radiology","score":0.3832046091556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.32723209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.28302201628685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2733832001686096}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55020928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3813865","display_name":"Image quality","level":3,"score":0.6898459792137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36454342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245341","display_name":"Radiography","level":2,"score":0.6310660243034363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781067378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17027399","display_name":"Interpretability","level":2,"score":0.5561008453369141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781305912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1225030","display_name":"Digital radiography","level":3,"score":0.5258914828300476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19527891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1120908","display_name":"Medical physics","level":1,"score":0.5123721361160278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.506510853767395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45993638038635254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.4385778307914734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4314875602722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42781572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1250322","display_name":"Digital image","level":4,"score":0.42323172092437744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.3832046091556549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.32723209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.28302201628685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2733832001686096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011786","descriptor_name":"Quality Control","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011873","descriptor_name":"Radiology Information Systems","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013902","descriptor_name":"Radiography, Thoracic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015588","descriptor_name":"Observer Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22850934","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22850934","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2947563","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3597969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3597969","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3597969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10278-012-9515-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087802383.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2087802383.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W580594664","https://openalex.org/W1532156190","https://openalex.org/W1976829026","https://openalex.org/W1992364779","https://openalex.org/W2028760666","https://openalex.org/W2053154970","https://openalex.org/W2062407131","https://openalex.org/W2063945200","https://openalex.org/W2075908299","https://openalex.org/W2078659853","https://openalex.org/W2079050356","https://openalex.org/W2103425489","https://openalex.org/W2131489119","https://openalex.org/W2154268750","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2169258410","https://openalex.org/W2201469812","https://openalex.org/W2319223103","https://openalex.org/W2539644422","https://openalex.org/W2548265125","https://openalex.org/W2616311551","https://openalex.org/W4249028950"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2946155918","https://openalex.org/W2019049689","https://openalex.org/W2321582776","https://openalex.org/W2345718166","https://openalex.org/W2365285804","https://openalex.org/W2801208768","https://openalex.org/W2374129180","https://openalex.org/W2292492994","https://openalex.org/W1809463497","https://openalex.org/W2074282271"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}