{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2082571018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","title":"Application of Morphological Bit Planes in Retinal Blood Vessel Extraction","display_name":"Application of Morphological Bit Planes in Retinal Blood Vessel Extraction","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-07-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2082571018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","mag":"2082571018","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22832895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3597947","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017459474","display_name":"Muhammad Moazam Fraz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0495-463X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"M. M Fraz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, UK. moazam.fraz@kingston.ac.uk","Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, UK. moazam.fraz@kingston.ac.uk","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100751622","display_name":"A. Basit","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8631-194X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76957882","display_name":"Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04bmzpd39","country_code":"PK","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76957882"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Basit","raw_affiliation_strings":["TPPD, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan","TPPD, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TPPD, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76957882"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TPPD, Pakistan Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology (PINSTECH), Nilore, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76957882"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036785197","display_name":"Sarah Barman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5302-0169"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205051169","display_name":"Kingston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bbqza97","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. A. Barman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, UK","Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, KT12EE, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Digital Imaging Research Centre, Faculty of Science Engineering and Computing, Kingston University London, Kingston upon Thames, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5017459474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205051169"],"apc_list":{"value":3190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":4190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":104,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91478221,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"274","last_page":"286"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11438","display_name":"Retinal Imaging and Analysis","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10250","display_name":"Glaucoma and retinal disorders","score":0.9959999918937683,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12874","display_name":"Digital Imaging for Blood Diseases","score":0.9948999881744385,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.689786970615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6009727716445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5830927491188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5774651169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-morphology","display_name":"Mathematical morphology","score":0.5750821232795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retinal","display_name":"Retinal","score":0.5693602561950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.49106693267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3339729309082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.3137408494949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12349995970726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.11336466670036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.07909080386161804}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.689786970615387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6009727716445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5830927491188049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5774651169776917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185568154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q530242","display_name":"Mathematical morphology","level":4,"score":0.5750821232795715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780827179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422001","display_name":"Retinal","level":2,"score":0.5693602561950684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.49106693267822266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3339729309082031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.3137408494949341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12349995970726013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.11336466670036316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.07909080386161804},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118487528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161437","display_name":"Ophthalmology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001331","descriptor_name":"Automation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005451","descriptor_name":"Fluorescein Angiography","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007089","descriptor_name":"Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008955","descriptor_name":"Models, Cardiovascular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011856","descriptor_name":"Radiographic Image Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012161","descriptor_name":"Retinal Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012161","descriptor_name":"Retinal Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012161","descriptor_name":"Retinal Artery","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012169","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vein","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012169","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vein","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012169","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vein","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012171","descriptor_name":"Retinal Vessels","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012680","descriptor_name":"Sensitivity and Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10278-012-9513-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S62275304","display_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","issn_l":"0897-1889","issn":["0897-1889","1618-727X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Digital Imaging","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:22832895","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22832895","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of digital imaging","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.kingston.ac.uk:23346","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/id/eprint/23346/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400991","display_name":"Research Repository (Kingston University London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801636071","host_organization_name":"Kingston Hospital NHS Trust","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801636071"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:2947541","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC3597947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3597947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3597947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:3597947","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3597947","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J Digit Imaging","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":49,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W165417043","https://openalex.org/W1494846899","https://openalex.org/W1565009360","https://openalex.org/W1579287100","https://openalex.org/W1869165106","https://openalex.org/W1967002721","https://openalex.org/W2009851794","https://openalex.org/W2012264530","https://openalex.org/W2017331759","https://openalex.org/W2018593404","https://openalex.org/W2019778763","https://openalex.org/W2024712120","https://openalex.org/W2033723371","https://openalex.org/W2044880603","https://openalex.org/W2045227075","https://openalex.org/W2051392423","https://openalex.org/W2051578148","https://openalex.org/W2056842831","https://openalex.org/W2063603043","https://openalex.org/W2100072940","https://openalex.org/W2105685332","https://openalex.org/W2108372115","https://openalex.org/W2108764134","https://openalex.org/W2112783556","https://openalex.org/W2114240017","https://openalex.org/W2115680416","https://openalex.org/W2116628223","https://openalex.org/W2120293534","https://openalex.org/W2123303981","https://openalex.org/W2123434300","https://openalex.org/W2128457244","https://openalex.org/W2128485720","https://openalex.org/W2129534965","https://openalex.org/W2130723048","https://openalex.org/W2132519114","https://openalex.org/W2139915254","https://openalex.org/W2145305441","https://openalex.org/W2148284840","https://openalex.org/W2150769593","https://openalex.org/W2155122478","https://openalex.org/W2161342819","https://openalex.org/W2163344010","https://openalex.org/W2166524747","https://openalex.org/W2168932490","https://openalex.org/W2170092083","https://openalex.org/W2171459511","https://openalex.org/W4210868532","https://openalex.org/W4251036056","https://openalex.org/W6679367408"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393746923","https://openalex.org/W2972496411","https://openalex.org/W3033662781","https://openalex.org/W4239223006","https://openalex.org/W2360869927","https://openalex.org/W2137530048","https://openalex.org/W2058740282","https://openalex.org/W2375111338","https://openalex.org/W2220864757","https://openalex.org/W2352304637"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-04-21T08:09:41.155169","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
