{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7126054597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","title":"SavviDriver: model-based framework for game-based testing of autonomous vehicles in diverse multi-agent traffic scenarios","display_name":"SavviDriver: model-based framework for game-based testing of autonomous vehicles in diverse multi-agent traffic scenarios","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7126054597","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64245694","display_name":"Software & Systems Modeling","issn_l":"1619-1366","issn":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software and Systems Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049458039","display_name":"Kenneth H. Chan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-3411"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth H. Chan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5094083140","display_name":"Sol Zilberman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1213-7587"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sol Zilberman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047852703","display_name":"Betty H. C. Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9825-5359"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Betty H. C. Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049458039"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.40556128,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"135","last_page":"161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.89410001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.89410001039505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.032099999487400055,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.01679999940097332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-transportation-system","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.6141999959945679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5964999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.5928000211715698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5210000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.3707999885082245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.33899998664855957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.323199987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47796450","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q508378","display_name":"Intelligent transportation system","level":2,"score":0.3109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3084000051021576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80519477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3532236","display_name":"Scenario testing","level":3,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22212356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q775325","display_name":"Transport engineering","level":1,"score":0.29170000553131104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115901376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184199","display_name":"Automation","level":2,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169806903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5937752","display_name":"Human error","level":2,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779888511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q244156","display_name":"Traffic congestion","level":2,"score":0.27549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127757376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2056514","display_name":"Active safety","level":2,"score":0.273499995470047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776544517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189447","display_name":"Unexpected events","level":2,"score":0.2687000036239624}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64245694","display_name":"Software & Systems Modeling","issn_l":"1619-1366","issn":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software and Systems Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10270-025-01350-w","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S64245694","display_name":"Software & Systems Modeling","issn_l":"1619-1366","issn":["1619-1366","1619-1374"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Software and Systems Modeling","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.48224642872810364,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":79,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W94211480","https://openalex.org/W952303715","https://openalex.org/W1530282630","https://openalex.org/W1592601589","https://openalex.org/W1931305913","https://openalex.org/W1965455100","https://openalex.org/W2036293656","https://openalex.org/W2051017569","https://openalex.org/W2054921215","https://openalex.org/W2074191025","https://openalex.org/W2092187344","https://openalex.org/W2107726111","https://openalex.org/W2125614502","https://openalex.org/W2128386642","https://openalex.org/W2134119432","https://openalex.org/W2149683696","https://openalex.org/W2151451947","https://openalex.org/W2167340365","https://openalex.org/W2397053433","https://openalex.org/W2482678392","https://openalex.org/W2493603909","https://openalex.org/W2579911499","https://openalex.org/W2795800960","https://openalex.org/W2805776570","https://openalex.org/W2884173352","https://openalex.org/W2947731191","https://openalex.org/W2957066083","https://openalex.org/W2960571052","https://openalex.org/W2962963881","https://openalex.org/W2963898834","https://openalex.org/W2965888130","https://openalex.org/W2970517549","https://openalex.org/W2970699259","https://openalex.org/W2996148440","https://openalex.org/W3007754307","https://openalex.org/W3010475463","https://openalex.org/W3014596384","https://openalex.org/W3024434753","https://openalex.org/W3040033967","https://openalex.org/W3080894669","https://openalex.org/W3081434962","https://openalex.org/W3096208114","https://openalex.org/W3100789280","https://openalex.org/W3116811338","https://openalex.org/W3121258823","https://openalex.org/W3127561923","https://openalex.org/W3141976039","https://openalex.org/W3166795280","https://openalex.org/W3180119292","https://openalex.org/W3190994148","https://openalex.org/W3200101246","https://openalex.org/W3210288834","https://openalex.org/W3213266171","https://openalex.org/W3214219979","https://openalex.org/W4210496774","https://openalex.org/W4232718097","https://openalex.org/W4233967121","https://openalex.org/W4234761190","https://openalex.org/W4240484987","https://openalex.org/W4241811150","https://openalex.org/W4242962246","https://openalex.org/W4243335696","https://openalex.org/W4249751158","https://openalex.org/W4289535158","https://openalex.org/W4312121445","https://openalex.org/W4313547544","https://openalex.org/W4362671719","https://openalex.org/W4366307043","https://openalex.org/W4366308958","https://openalex.org/W4376457019","https://openalex.org/W4377081159","https://openalex.org/W4386416896","https://openalex.org/W4391768743","https://openalex.org/W4392518040","https://openalex.org/W4393278036","https://openalex.org/W4396633667","https://openalex.org/W4399431377","https://openalex.org/W4401047823","https://openalex.org/W4407098048"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Autonomous":[1],"vehicles":[2,48,99,179],"(AVs)":[3],"must":[4,24],"operate":[5],"safely":[6],"in":[7,160],"the":[8,72,101,155,181,193,205],"face":[9],"of":[10,157,178,208,216],"uncertainty,":[11],"including":[12],"those":[13,81,186],"induced":[14],"by":[15,121],"human":[16,20,34,225],"behaviors":[17,32],"(i.e.,":[18],"external":[19,90,188],"drivers).":[21],"Specifically,":[22,165],"AVs":[23,96],"exhibit":[25],"safe":[26],"responses":[27],"when":[28],"encountering":[29],"previously":[30],"unseen":[31],"from":[33],"drivers":[35,43,56],"with":[36],"different":[37,122],"driving":[38],"styles.":[39],"For":[40],"example,":[41],"aggressive":[42],"may":[44,57,103,118],"cut":[45],"off":[46],"other":[47,98],"to":[49,59,61,70,77,86,109,111,147,152,162,171,191],"merge":[50],"into":[51],"a":[52,112,138,214],"lane,":[53],"or":[54,88],"distracted":[55],"fail":[58],"respond":[60],"changing":[62],"road":[63],"conditions.":[64],"A":[65],"key":[66],"challenge":[67],"is":[68],"how":[69],"assess":[71,154],"onboard":[73],"AV":[74,150,159,182],"decision-making":[75],"capabilities":[76,207],"detect":[78],"and":[79,97,140,143,175,185],"mitigate":[80],"potentially":[82],"unsafe":[83],"scenarios":[84,217],"due":[85],"one":[87],"more":[89],"human-operated":[91,189],"vehicles.":[92],"We":[93,203],"observe":[94],"that":[95,197],"on":[100,213,219],"roadway":[102],"share":[104],"common":[105],"functional":[106,174],"objectives":[107,177],"(e.g.,":[108],"navigate":[110],"given":[113],"target":[114],"destination),":[115],"but":[116],"otherwise":[117],"be":[119],"motivated":[120],"non-functional":[123,176],"objectives,":[124],"such":[125],"as":[126],"safety,":[127],"minimizing":[128,131],"transport":[129],"time,":[130],"fuel":[132],"consumption,":[133],"etc.":[134],"This":[135],"paper":[136],"introduces":[137],"modular":[139],"composable":[141],"model-":[142],"game-based":[144,194,210],"testing":[145,195,211],"framework":[146],"enable":[148],"an":[149,158],"developer":[151],"operationally":[153],"robustness":[156],"response":[161],"human-based":[163],"uncertainty.":[164],"this":[166],"work":[167],"uses":[168],"goal":[169],"models":[170],"declaratively":[172],"specify":[173],"(both":[180],"under":[183],"study":[184],"representing":[187],"vehicles)":[190],"inform":[192],"environment":[196],"incorporates":[198],"real-world":[199,220],"traffic":[200,221],"infrastructure":[201],"data.":[202],"demonstrate":[204],"model-based":[206],"our":[209],"approach":[212],"number":[215],"based":[218],"accident":[222],"data":[223],"involving":[224],"drivers.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-04T07:04:00.330322","created_date":"2026-01-30T00:00:00"}