{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7125183680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","title":"\u201cDesign and evaluation of public chatbots for computer crime awareness: A scoping review\u201d","display_name":"\u201cDesign and evaluation of public chatbots for computer crime awareness: A scoping review\u201d","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-21","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7125183680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30338973","display_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","issn_l":"1615-5289","issn":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047653878","display_name":"Lu\u00eds Pimentel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0810-8601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lu\u00eds Pimentel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026966279","display_name":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio Matos Bernardo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9518-0854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201025148","display_name":"Universidade Aberta","ror":"https://ror.org/02rv3w387","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria do Ros\u00e1rio Matos Bernardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC, CEG-Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, CEG-Universidade Aberta, Lisbon, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201025148"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121754995","display_name":"T\u00e2nia Rocha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I155381812","display_name":"University of Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes and Alto Douro","ror":"https://ror.org/03qc8vh97","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166615","display_name":"INESC TEC","ror":"https://ror.org/05fa8ka61","country_code":"PT","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210125590","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T\u00e2nia Rocha","raw_affiliation_strings":["INESC TEC, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"INESC TEC, Universidade de Tr\u00e1s-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Vila Real, Portugal","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812","https://openalex.org/I4210166615"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047653878"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I155381812"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10074227,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.7077999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12128","display_name":"AI in Service Interactions","score":0.7077999711036682,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11519","display_name":"Digital Mental Health Interventions","score":0.045499999076128006,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3202","display_name":"Applied Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11636","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare and Education","score":0.019899999722838402,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2718","display_name":"Health Informatics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chatbot","display_name":"Chatbot","score":0.9448000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-computing","display_name":"Cloud computing","score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-service","display_name":"Public service","score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/principal","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3163999915122986}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779041454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q870780","display_name":"Chatbot","level":2,"score":0.9448000192642212},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5213000178337097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4765999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.4555000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.4350999891757965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780110086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161837","display_name":"Public service","level":2,"score":0.39489999413490295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144559511","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2986279","display_name":"Principal (computer security)","level":2,"score":0.3905999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56739046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192060","display_name":"Knowledge management","level":1,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34529998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.3310999870300293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.30730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207267971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120208","display_name":"Emerging technologies","level":2,"score":0.29649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.29109999537467957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61063171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q532781","display_name":"Service design","level":4,"score":0.28940001130104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184356942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830382","display_name":"Best practice","level":2,"score":0.2782999873161316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.2775000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121017731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11661","display_name":"Information technology","level":2,"score":0.257099986076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91262260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q528074","display_name":"End user","level":2,"score":0.25609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30338973","display_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","issn_l":"1615-5289","issn":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10209-025-01307-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S30338973","display_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","issn_l":"1615-5289","issn":["1615-5289","1615-5297"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Universal Access in the Information Society","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7133312225341797}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125183680.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7125183680.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W46496604","https://openalex.org/W1412198126","https://openalex.org/W1791587663","https://openalex.org/W2032191478","https://openalex.org/W2052035633","https://openalex.org/W2065502371","https://openalex.org/W2082468228","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2229941360","https://openalex.org/W2485113444","https://openalex.org/W2722297332","https://openalex.org/W2788204336","https://openalex.org/W2808216081","https://openalex.org/W2883912938","https://openalex.org/W2891378911","https://openalex.org/W2896640274","https://openalex.org/W2944870985","https://openalex.org/W2945760829","https://openalex.org/W2946646055","https://openalex.org/W2950496142","https://openalex.org/W2950924532","https://openalex.org/W2968080059","https://openalex.org/W2970731562","https://openalex.org/W2971743531","https://openalex.org/W2982636004","https://openalex.org/W3000206684","https://openalex.org/W3016937311","https://openalex.org/W3017150453","https://openalex.org/W3021525009","https://openalex.org/W3028471882","https://openalex.org/W3043097975","https://openalex.org/W3092871658","https://openalex.org/W3096963665","https://openalex.org/W3097594135","https://openalex.org/W3103891289","https://openalex.org/W3107583915","https://openalex.org/W3109333223","https://openalex.org/W3139363371","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W3167769983","https://openalex.org/W3169642408","https://openalex.org/W3170233936","https://openalex.org/W3174242867","https://openalex.org/W3197803987","https://openalex.org/W3198878731","https://openalex.org/W3203918963","https://openalex.org/W3206953156","https://openalex.org/W4205607981","https://openalex.org/W4205801479","https://openalex.org/W4206580311","https://openalex.org/W4206696791","https://openalex.org/W4212887920","https://openalex.org/W4224316372","https://openalex.org/W4241678321","https://openalex.org/W4252930382","https://openalex.org/W4280537010","https://openalex.org/W4283155559","https://openalex.org/W4283323417","https://openalex.org/W4284882183","https://openalex.org/W4285262252","https://openalex.org/W4285376698","https://openalex.org/W4289539209","https://openalex.org/W4293314904","https://openalex.org/W4293763043","https://openalex.org/W4295788885","https://openalex.org/W4385403451","https://openalex.org/W4385834394","https://openalex.org/W4411064581"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Chatbots":[1,136],"are":[2,212],"software":[3],"applications":[4],"that":[5],"allow":[6],"users":[7],"to":[8,54,70,83,130],"access":[9],"information":[10],"and":[11,39,66,75,79,87,162,169,180,195,203,209,222,238,253],"services":[12,202],"in":[13,35,89,109,125,164,241],"various":[14],"public":[15,32,91,172],"administration":[16],"fields.":[17],"However,":[18],"as":[19,217,245],"chatbot":[20,147,152,159,165,191],"technologies":[21,154,205],"advance,":[22],"only":[23],"certain":[24],"features":[25],"meet":[26],"the":[27,31,36,77,90,99,118,126,131,138,186,226,234],"specific":[28],"needs":[29],"of":[30,47,81,171,225,229,236],"sector,":[33,92],"namely":[34,93],"justice":[37],"field":[38],"computer":[40,95],"crime":[41,96],"awareness.":[42,97],"With":[43],"a":[44,248],"growing":[45],"number":[46],"products":[48],"available,":[49],"careful":[50],"evaluation":[51,80,170,214],"is":[52],"critical":[53],"determining":[55],"which":[56],"functionalities":[57],"best":[58],"support":[59],"these":[60],"requirements.":[61],"By":[62],"examining":[63],"key":[64,142],"characteristics":[65],"features,":[67],"we":[68],"intended":[69],"identify":[71],"existing":[72],"research":[73,149,231],"gaps":[74],"enhance":[76],"design":[78,168],"chatbots":[82,173,197],"increase":[84],"their":[85],"effectiveness":[86],"utility":[88],"for":[94,102,133,176,189],"Following":[98],"PRISMA-ScR":[100],"guidelines":[101],"scoping":[103],"reviews,":[104],"relevant":[105],"studies":[106,120],"were":[107,123],"identified":[108,188],"several":[110],"digital":[111],"library":[112],"databases":[113],"during":[114],"April":[115],"2023.":[116],"Of":[117],"301":[119],"identified,":[121],"22":[122],"included":[124],"review.":[127],"In":[128],"addition":[129],"Architecture":[132],"Public":[134],"Service":[135],"guidelines,":[137],"findings":[139],"revealed":[140],"other":[141],"themes,":[143],"including":[144],"concepts":[145],"influencing":[146],"design,":[148],"methodologies":[150],"shaping":[151],"artefacts,":[153],"impacting":[155],"chatbots,":[156],"architectural":[157],"frameworks,":[158],"tool":[160],"development,":[161],"methods":[163],"evaluation.":[166],"The":[167],"should":[174,232],"account":[175],"ethical":[177,254],"concerns,":[178],"transparency,":[179],"fairness.":[181],"Design":[182],"Science":[183],"Research":[184],"was":[185],"methodology":[187],"developing":[190],"artefacts.":[192],"Deterministic,":[193],"rule-based,":[194],"goal-oriented":[196],"provide":[198],"auditability,":[199],"while":[200],"cloud-based":[201],"AI":[204,237],"offer":[206],"security,":[207],"scalability,":[208],"interoperability.":[210],"There":[211],"external":[213],"methods,":[215],"such":[216,244],"user":[218],"feedback,":[219],"performance":[220],"metrics,":[221],"usability.":[223],"One":[224],"principal":[227],"areas":[228],"future":[230],"prioritise":[233],"integration":[235],"cloud":[239],"computing":[240],"generative":[242],"models,":[243],"ChatGPT,":[246],"with":[247],"focus":[249],"on":[250],"data":[251],"protection":[252],"considerations.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2026-01-22T00:00:00"}