{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4408072606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","title":"The SPADA methodology for threat modelling","display_name":"The SPADA methodology for threat modelling","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4408072606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006143803","display_name":"Mario Raciti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7045-0213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I127077003","display_name":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mario Raciti","raw_affiliation_strings":["IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Piazza S. Ponziano, 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy","Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IMT School for Advanced Studies Lucca, Piazza S. Ponziano, 6, 55100, Lucca, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051511023","display_name":"Giampaolo Bella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7615-8643"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39063666","display_name":"University of Catania","ror":"https://ror.org/03a64bh57","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giampaolo Bella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Catania, Viale Andrea Doria, 6, 95125, Catania, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39063666"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5006143803"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I127077003","https://openalex.org/I39063666"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":10.5203,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97470891,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10734","display_name":"Information and Cyber Security","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9977999925613403,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7014532685279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.46111416816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.4432751536369324}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7014532685279846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.46111416816711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4432751536369324}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-025-00999-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320316214","display_name":"Scuola IMT Alti Studi Lucca","ror":"https://ror.org/035gh3a49"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4408072606.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1604599558","https://openalex.org/W1793498174","https://openalex.org/W2116560806","https://openalex.org/W2136922540","https://openalex.org/W2153064832","https://openalex.org/W2736024402","https://openalex.org/W2752137813","https://openalex.org/W2799188727","https://openalex.org/W2806190320","https://openalex.org/W2811114113","https://openalex.org/W2887348247","https://openalex.org/W2889312421","https://openalex.org/W2945520428","https://openalex.org/W2947371443","https://openalex.org/W2949170220","https://openalex.org/W2969573957","https://openalex.org/W2974354458","https://openalex.org/W2975654819","https://openalex.org/W3002950711","https://openalex.org/W3014558812","https://openalex.org/W3122401678","https://openalex.org/W3136050648","https://openalex.org/W3151685851","https://openalex.org/W3162054834","https://openalex.org/W3202071870","https://openalex.org/W4293052844","https://openalex.org/W4312336047","https://openalex.org/W4313644370","https://openalex.org/W4319662069","https://openalex.org/W4323338381","https://openalex.org/W4361208106","https://openalex.org/W4367360175","https://openalex.org/W4385412272","https://openalex.org/W4392309568"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2060145807","https://openalex.org/W4248806346"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"As":[1],"individuals":[2],"engage":[3],"with":[4,178,196],"innovative":[5],"technologies,":[6],"including":[7],"smart":[8,11,136,139,172,191,203,214],"cars":[9,137],"and":[10,45,57,95,100,124,138,144,155],"homes,":[12,140],"a":[13,65,184,207],"comprehensive":[14],"treatment":[15],"of":[16,30,42,49,52,87,106,135,165,186,209],"the":[17,28,40,47,50,78,82,98,102,107,113,133,171,179,197,202],"threats":[18,151,158,166,189,212],"to":[19,115,132,170],"their":[20],"privacy":[21,35,58,188,211],"becomes":[22],"increasingly":[23],"urgent.":[24],"This":[25,147],"article":[26],"recognises":[27],"relevance":[29],"security":[31,56],"and,":[32],"in":[33,54,126,201],"particular,":[34],"threat":[36,68,108],"modelling,":[37],"especially":[38],"under":[39],"umbrella":[41],"GDPR":[43],"compliance,":[44],"addresses":[46],"challenge":[48],"pursuit":[51],"completeness":[53],"eliciting":[55],"threats.":[59],"The":[60,128],"core":[61],"contribution":[62],"is":[63,130],"SPADA,":[64],"methodology":[66,129],"for":[67,152,159,190,213],"modelling":[69,109],"revolving":[70],"around":[71],"five":[72],"key":[73],"variables":[74],"(whose":[75],"initials":[76],"form":[77],"acronym":[79],"that":[80],"names":[81],"methodology).":[83],"These":[84],"are:":[85],"\u201cSource":[86],"documentation\u201d,":[88],"\u201cProperty\u201d,":[89],"\u201cApplication":[90],"domain\u201d,":[91],"\u201cDetail":[92],"(level":[93],"of)\u201d":[94],"\u201cAgent(s)":[96],"raising":[97],"threats\u201d,":[99],"clarify":[101],"essential":[103],"variable":[104,119],"elements":[105],"activity.":[110],"SPADA":[111],"requires":[112],"analyst":[114],"duly":[116],"instantiate":[117],"each":[118],"but":[120],"offers":[121],"increased":[122],"structure":[123],"automation":[125],"return.":[127],"applied":[131],"domains":[134],"considering":[141],"both":[142],"soft":[143,153],"hard":[145,160],"privacy.":[146,161],"yields":[148],"23":[149],"domain-independent":[150,157],"privacy,":[154],"29":[156],"Both":[162],"these":[163],"lists":[164],"are":[167],"then":[168],"tailored":[169],"car":[173],"domain":[174,205],"by":[175],"appropriate":[176,194],"combination":[177,195],"43":[180],"identified":[181,200],"assets,":[182],"producing":[183],"total":[185,208],"785":[187],"cars.":[192],"Similarly,":[193],"127":[198],"assets":[199],"home":[204],"produces":[206],"1502":[210],"homes.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T16:22:10.518609","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}