{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396497899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","title":"Optimized common features selection and deep-autoencoder (OCFSDA) for lightweight intrusion detection in Internet of things","display_name":"Optimized common features selection and deep-autoencoder (OCFSDA) for lightweight intrusion detection in Internet of things","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396497899","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059957835","display_name":"Uneneibotejit Otokwala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Uneneibotejit Otokwala","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040494006","display_name":"Andrei Petrovski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-2791"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrei Petrovski","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005926383","display_name":"Harsha Kalutarage","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6430-9558"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","display_name":"Robert Gordon University","ror":"https://ror.org/04f0qj703","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Harsha Kalutarage","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059957835"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":8.3758,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98010665,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"2559","last_page":"2581"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8771235942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.6777042150497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/memory-footprint","display_name":"Memory footprint","score":0.6219536066055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.6118948459625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5620825886726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5608801245689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intrusion-detection-system","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","score":0.5587688088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pruning","display_name":"Pruning","score":0.5348327159881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5251830816268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/selection","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","score":0.42559266090393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4223601520061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.4105483293533325}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8771235942840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.6777042150497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74912251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6815727","display_name":"Memory footprint","level":2,"score":0.6219536066055298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.6118948459625244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5620825886726379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5608801245689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35525427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q745881","display_name":"Intrusion detection system","level":2,"score":0.5587688088417053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108010975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q500094","display_name":"Pruning","level":2,"score":0.5348327159881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5251830816268921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.42559266090393066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4223601520061493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4105483293533325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:rgu-repository.worktribe.com:2312008","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/output/2312008","pdf_url":"https://rgu-repository.worktribe.com/file/2312008/1/OTOKWALA%202024%20Optimized%20common%20features%20%28VOR%29","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400814","display_name":"Open Access Institutional Repository at Robert Gordon University (Robert Gordon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I522815984","host_organization_name":"Robert Gordon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I522815984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00855-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","score":0.6499999761581421}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396497899.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":60,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588594383","https://openalex.org/W1674877186","https://openalex.org/W1992282307","https://openalex.org/W1999879478","https://openalex.org/W2034926402","https://openalex.org/W2039424734","https://openalex.org/W2055516863","https://openalex.org/W2098340665","https://openalex.org/W2272031392","https://openalex.org/W2291437667","https://openalex.org/W2295528854","https://openalex.org/W2550614318","https://openalex.org/W2554518797","https://openalex.org/W2748192987","https://openalex.org/W2761212090","https://openalex.org/W2783741806","https://openalex.org/W2793916028","https://openalex.org/W2794048982","https://openalex.org/W2926367029","https://openalex.org/W2929049293","https://openalex.org/W2947395823","https://openalex.org/W2948755796","https://openalex.org/W2963618920","https://openalex.org/W3004565805","https://openalex.org/W3013275963","https://openalex.org/W3021219025","https://openalex.org/W3024333932","https://openalex.org/W3036185727","https://openalex.org/W3096043823","https://openalex.org/W3097487972","https://openalex.org/W3128839796","https://openalex.org/W3131438039","https://openalex.org/W3154755628","https://openalex.org/W3185186456","https://openalex.org/W3198200730","https://openalex.org/W3199041797","https://openalex.org/W3202083238","https://openalex.org/W3206674745","https://openalex.org/W3213515577","https://openalex.org/W4200245370","https://openalex.org/W4205989500","https://openalex.org/W4206490792","https://openalex.org/W4220738344","https://openalex.org/W4220744793","https://openalex.org/W4225105918","https://openalex.org/W4226058218","https://openalex.org/W4281701520","https://openalex.org/W4285810007","https://openalex.org/W4313307674","https://openalex.org/W4313477864","https://openalex.org/W4320478486","https://openalex.org/W4384434495","https://openalex.org/W4384938131","https://openalex.org/W4385240848","https://openalex.org/W4386051314","https://openalex.org/W4386413091","https://openalex.org/W4386963944","https://openalex.org/W4386998553","https://openalex.org/W4400450101","https://openalex.org/W6600291067"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3013693939","https://openalex.org/W2159052453","https://openalex.org/W2566616303","https://openalex.org/W3131327266","https://openalex.org/W2734887215","https://openalex.org/W4297051394","https://openalex.org/W2752972570","https://openalex.org/W4386815338","https://openalex.org/W2145836866","https://openalex.org/W2803255133"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Embedded":[1],"systems,":[2],"including":[3],"the":[4,14,93,100,112,125,136,162,165],"Internet":[5],"of":[6,16,130,143,176],"things":[7],"(IoT),":[8],"play":[9],"a":[10,60,96,121],"crucial":[11],"role":[12],"in":[13,76,124,128],"functioning":[15],"critical":[17],"infrastructure.":[18],"However,":[19],"these":[20,43],"devices":[21],"face":[22],"significant":[23],"challenges":[24],"such":[25,155],"as":[26,156],"memory":[27,133],"footprint,":[28],"technical":[29],"challenges,":[30],"privacy":[31],"concerns,":[32],"performance":[33,150],"trade-offs":[34],"and":[35,49,69,89,106,114,132,145,159,170],"vulnerability":[36],"to":[37,41],"cyber-attacks.":[38],"One":[39],"approach":[40],"address":[42],"concerns":[44],"is":[45],"minimising":[46],"computational":[47],"overhead":[48],"adopting":[50],"lightweight":[51,73],"intrusion":[52,74],"detection":[53,75],"techniques.":[54],"In":[55],"this":[56],"study,":[57],"we":[58],"propose":[59],"highly":[61],"efficient":[62],"model":[63,82,94,137,163],"called":[64],"optimized":[65],"common":[66],"features":[67],"selection":[68],"deep-autoencoder":[70],"(OCFSDA)":[71],"for":[72],"IoT":[77],"environments.":[78],"The":[79],"proposed":[80],"OCFSDA":[81],"incorporates":[83],"feature":[84],"selection,":[85],"data":[86],"compression,":[87],"pruning,":[88],"deparameterization.":[90],"We":[91],"deployed":[92],"on":[95,151],"Raspberry":[97],"Pi4":[98],"using":[99,173],"TFLite":[101],"interpreter":[102],"by":[103],"leveraging":[104],"optimisation":[105],"inferencing":[107],"with":[108,148],"semi-supervised":[109],"learning.":[110],"Using":[111],"MQTT-IoT-IDS2020":[113],"CIC-IDS2017":[115],"datasets,":[116],"our":[117],"experimental":[118],"results":[119],"demonstrate":[120],"remarkable":[122],"reduction":[123],"computation":[126],"cost":[127],"terms":[129],"time":[131],"use.":[134],"Notably,":[135],"achieved":[138],"an":[139],"overall":[140],"average":[141],"accuracies":[142],"99%":[144],"97%,":[146],"along":[147],"comparable":[149],"other":[152],"important":[153],"metrics":[154],"precision,":[157],"recall,":[158],"F1-score.":[160],"Moreover,":[161],"accomplished":[164],"classification":[166],"tasks":[167],"within":[168],"0.30":[169],"0.12":[171],"s":[172],"only":[174],"2KB":[175],"memory.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-03-29T08:15:47.926485","created_date":"2024-05-01T00:00:00"}
