{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396655868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","title":"A cyber defense system against phishing attacks with deep learning game theory and LSTM-CNN with African vulture optimization algorithm (AVOA)","display_name":"A cyber defense system against phishing attacks with deep learning game theory and LSTM-CNN with African vulture optimization algorithm (AVOA)","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396655868","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096199597","display_name":"Mustafa Ahmed Elberri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98905743","display_name":"Kastamonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/015scty35","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98905743"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mustafa Ahmed Elberri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Kastamonua, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Material Science and Engineering, University of Kastamonua, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98905743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084570764","display_name":"\u00dcmit Toke\u015fer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4773-8291"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98905743","display_name":"Kastamonu University","ror":"https://ror.org/015scty35","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98905743"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00dcmit Toke\u015fer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mathematics, University of Kastamonu, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mathematics, University of Kastamonu, 37150, Kastamonu, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98905743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032216127","display_name":"Javad Rahebi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9875-4860"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67581229","display_name":"Istanbul University","ror":"https://ror.org/03a5qrr21","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Javad Rahebi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Software Engineering, Istanbul Topkapi University, 34087, Istanbul, Turkey"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Software Engineering, Istanbul Topkapi University, 34087, Istanbul, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67581229"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043444298","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel L\u00f3pez-Guede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-1601"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144135","display_name":"Centro de Tecnolog\u00edas Aeronauticas (Spain)","ror":"https://ror.org/057epqv46","country_code":"ES","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144135"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169108374","display_name":"University of the Basque Country","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jose Manuel Lopez-Guede","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Systems and Automatic Control, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Systems and Automatic Control, Faculty of Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), C/Nieves Cano 12, 01006, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144135","https://openalex.org/I169108374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5043444298"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169108374","https://openalex.org/I4210144135"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":12.7944,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98582952,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"23","issue":"4","first_page":"2583","last_page":"2606"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8711019158363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.7872747182846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6601197123527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5832091569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/autoencoder","display_name":"Autoencoder","score":0.5811173915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5542909502983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.5178380608558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3206486701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.24222978949546814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8711019158363342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.7872747182846069},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6601197123527527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5832091569900513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101738243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786435","display_name":"Autoencoder","level":3,"score":0.5811173915863037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5542909502983093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5178380608558655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3206486701965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.24222978949546814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-024-00851-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321919","display_name":"Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea","ror":"https://ror.org/000xsnr85"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4396655868.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2225750049","https://openalex.org/W2310347995","https://openalex.org/W2940859255","https://openalex.org/W2972765591","https://openalex.org/W3033013607","https://openalex.org/W3037276035","https://openalex.org/W3092771185","https://openalex.org/W3163481683","https://openalex.org/W3163903840","https://openalex.org/W3165436718","https://openalex.org/W3190520168","https://openalex.org/W3206657138","https://openalex.org/W3208145316","https://openalex.org/W3211681758","https://openalex.org/W3217239557","https://openalex.org/W4224011351","https://openalex.org/W4226300618","https://openalex.org/W4283155559","https://openalex.org/W4286905944","https://openalex.org/W4288391591","https://openalex.org/W4289260655","https://openalex.org/W4290996419","https://openalex.org/W4291365775","https://openalex.org/W4302307687","https://openalex.org/W4306953359","https://openalex.org/W4309237020","https://openalex.org/W4309939034","https://openalex.org/W4310113617","https://openalex.org/W4312175825","https://openalex.org/W4313200217","https://openalex.org/W4313471566","https://openalex.org/W4317506534","https://openalex.org/W4320016062","https://openalex.org/W4322494802","https://openalex.org/W4323928354","https://openalex.org/W4327500533","https://openalex.org/W4327511167","https://openalex.org/W4327620121","https://openalex.org/W4360994421","https://openalex.org/W4362614356","https://openalex.org/W4366550002","https://openalex.org/W4366550444","https://openalex.org/W4366816622","https://openalex.org/W4366978708","https://openalex.org/W4367052118","https://openalex.org/W4386102090"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2669956259","https://openalex.org/W4249005693","https://openalex.org/W4392946183","https://openalex.org/W3088732000","https://openalex.org/W4226493464","https://openalex.org/W4312417841","https://openalex.org/W3133861977","https://openalex.org/W2951211570","https://openalex.org/W3103566983","https://openalex.org/W3029198973"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Phishing":[1],"attacks":[2,61,117],"pose":[3],"a":[4,63],"significant":[5],"threat":[6],"to":[7,13,83,111],"online":[8,120],"security,":[9],"utilizing":[10],"fake":[11,46],"websites":[12],"steal":[14],"sensitive":[15],"user":[16],"information.":[17],"Deep":[18],"learning":[19],"techniques,":[20,113],"particularly":[21],"convolutional":[22],"neural":[23],"networks":[24],"(CNNs),":[25],"have":[26],"emerged":[27],"as":[28],"promising":[29],"tools":[30],"for":[31,58],"detecting":[32,59],"phishing":[33,60,116],"attacks.":[34],"However,":[35],"traditional":[36],"CNN-based":[37],"image":[38],"classification":[39],"methods":[40],"face":[41],"limitations":[42],"in":[43],"effectively":[44,114],"identifying":[45,115],"pages.":[47],"To":[48],"address":[49],"this":[50],"challenge,":[51],"we":[52],"propose":[53],"an":[54,71],"image-based":[55],"coding":[56],"approach":[57,68],"using":[62],"CNN-LSTM":[64],"hybrid":[65],"model.":[66],"This":[67],"combines":[69],"SMOTE,":[70],"enhanced":[72],"GAN":[73],"based":[74],"on":[75,95],"the":[76,85,101],"Autoencoder":[77],"network,":[78],"and":[79,90,108,118],"swarm":[80],"intelligence":[81],"algorithms":[82],"balance":[84],"dataset,":[86],"select":[87],"informative":[88],"features,":[89],"generate":[91],"grayscale":[92],"images.":[93],"Experiments":[94],"three":[96],"benchmark":[97],"datasets":[98],"demonstrate":[99],"that":[100],"proposed":[102],"method":[103],"achieves":[104],"superior":[105],"accuracy,":[106],"precision,":[107],"sensitivity":[109],"compared":[110],"other":[112],"enhancing":[119],"security.":[121]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-18T07:56:08.524223","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}