{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384203302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","title":"Privacy-preserving continuous authentication using behavioral biometrics","display_name":"Privacy-preserving continuous authentication using behavioral biometrics","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384203302","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019952252","display_name":"Ahmed Fraz Baig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6017-0237"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144648426","display_name":"Norwegian Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02gm7te43","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144648426"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Fraz Baig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144648426"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051616146","display_name":"Sigurd Eskeland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0045-3387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I144648426","display_name":"Norwegian Computing Center","ror":"https://ror.org/02gm7te43","country_code":"NO","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I144648426"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sigurd Eskeland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian Computing Center, Oslo, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144648426"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084188534","display_name":"Bian Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6189-1976"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bian Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Gj\u00f8vik, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019952252"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I144648426"],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"fwci":11.6065,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98468374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"6","first_page":"1833","last_page":"1847"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9742000102996826,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swipe","display_name":"SwIPe","score":0.9112440347671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8773411512374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8292602896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-dynamics","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","score":0.785849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homomorphic-encryption","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","score":0.628332793712616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.6164402961730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5482048988342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protocol","display_name":"Protocol (science)","score":0.5427865982055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4949037432670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spoofing-attack","display_name":"Spoofing attack","score":0.49243244528770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/keystroke-logging","display_name":"Keystroke logging","score":0.4441209137439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.4144808053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptographic-protocol","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","score":0.41402146220207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.19195613265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password","display_name":"Password","score":0.19022536277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/s/key","display_name":"S/KEY","score":0.0694931149482727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779623668","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7652842","display_name":"SwIPe","level":2,"score":0.9112440347671509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8773411512374878},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8292602896690369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79540074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3269465","display_name":"Keystroke dynamics","level":4,"score":0.785849928855896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158338273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2154943","display_name":"Homomorphic encryption","level":3,"score":0.628332793712616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.6164402961730957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5482048988342285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780385302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367158","display_name":"Protocol (science)","level":3,"score":0.5427865982055664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4949037432670593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167900197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11081100","display_name":"Spoofing attack","level":2,"score":0.49243244528770447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161615301","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309396","display_name":"Keystroke logging","level":2,"score":0.4441209137439728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4144808053970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.41402146220207214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.19195613265037537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109297577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161157","display_name":"Password","level":2,"score":0.19022536277770996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4957475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q242186","display_name":"S/KEY","level":3,"score":0.0694931149482727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ntnuopen.ntnu.no:11250/3104922","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/11250/3104922","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401716","display_name":"Duo Research Archive (University of Oslo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184942183","host_organization_name":"University of Oslo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184942183"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1833\u20131847","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/other"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10207-023-00721-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5398162870","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"860315","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7842005466","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Horizon 2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4384203302.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179458199","https://openalex.org/W640039046","https://openalex.org/W1483327747","https://openalex.org/W1819119697","https://openalex.org/W1836919303","https://openalex.org/W1964042173","https://openalex.org/W1994849315","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2064053094","https://openalex.org/W2068238369","https://openalex.org/W2078053307","https://openalex.org/W2113474134","https://openalex.org/W2132172731","https://openalex.org/W2139500053","https://openalex.org/W2147668280","https://openalex.org/W2149603017","https://openalex.org/W2183863591","https://openalex.org/W2793118685","https://openalex.org/W2967978341","https://openalex.org/W3141266239","https://openalex.org/W3183392398","https://openalex.org/W3197878201","https://openalex.org/W3199069885","https://openalex.org/W3211947246","https://openalex.org/W4285413749"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052279280","https://openalex.org/W3094144434","https://openalex.org/W2159333170","https://openalex.org/W3169822312","https://openalex.org/W2155670618","https://openalex.org/W2031617473","https://openalex.org/W1573560902","https://openalex.org/W2288132303","https://openalex.org/W4244802227","https://openalex.org/W4385007188"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Continuous":[1],"authentication":[2,41,51,118],"modalities":[3],"collect":[4],"and":[5,22,91,125],"utilize":[6,54],"users\u2019":[7],"sensitive":[8],"data":[9,15],"to":[10,49],"authenticate":[11],"them":[12],"continuously.":[13],"Such":[14],"contain":[16],"information":[17,48,73],"about":[18],"user":[19],"activities,":[20],"behaviors,":[21],"other":[23],"demographic":[24],"information,":[25],"which":[26],"causes":[27],"privacy":[28,61],"concerns.":[29],"In":[30],"this":[31],"paper,":[32],"we":[33],"propose":[34],"two":[35,85],"privacy-preserving":[36,72],"protocols":[37,83,102,112,133],"that":[38,58,70,100],"enable":[39],"continuous":[40,117],"while":[42],"preventing":[43],"the":[44,60,77,81,101,111,132],"disclosure":[45],"of":[46,62,80,110],"user-sensitive":[47],"an":[50,66],"server.":[52],"We":[53,75],"homomorphic":[55],"cryptographic":[56],"primitives":[57],"protect":[59],"biometric":[63,78,97],"features":[64],"with":[65],"oblivious":[67],"transfer":[68],"protocol":[69],"enables":[71],"retrieval.":[74],"performed":[76],"evaluation":[79,98],"proposed":[82],"on":[84,138],"datasets,":[86],"a":[87,92],"swipe":[88,121],"gesture":[89],"dataset":[90],"keystroke":[93,123],"dynamics":[94],"dataset.":[95],"The":[96,107,128],"shows":[99],"have":[103],"very":[104,135],"good":[105],"performance.":[106],"execution":[108,129],"time":[109,130],"is":[113],"measured":[114],"by":[115],"considering":[116],"using:":[119],"only":[120],"gestures,":[122],"dynamics,":[124],"hybrid":[126],"modalities.":[127],"proves":[131],"are":[134],"efficient,":[136],"even":[137],"high-security":[139],"levels.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T09:24:06.705377","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}