{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2017868500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","title":"Fractional biometrics: safeguarding privacy in biometric applications","display_name":"Fractional biometrics: safeguarding privacy in biometric applications","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2017868500","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","mag":"2017868500"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029882867","display_name":"Duncan Bayly","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Duncan Bayly","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048035165","display_name":"Maurice C. Castro","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maurice Castro","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090823015","display_name":"Arathi Arakala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5515-175X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arathi Arakala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055993073","display_name":"Jason Jeffers","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Jeffers","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058448174","display_name":"K. J. Horadam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6980-220X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathy Horadam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, Melbourne, VIC, 3001, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mathematics, RMIT University, GPO BOX 2476, 3001, Melbourne, VIC, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2590,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3190},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4287,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80247731,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"69","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9904999732971191,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8846419453620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collusion","display_name":"Collusion","score":0.7639167308807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7275323271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6559076905250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.5177730321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4750642478466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/warrant","display_name":"Warrant","score":0.470119833946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.45720914006233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3888494074344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.07553133368492126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8846419453620911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781198186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q701521","display_name":"Collusion","level":2,"score":0.7639167308807373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7275323271751404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6559076905250549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.5177730321884155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4750642478466034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776916960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q637156","display_name":"Warrant","level":2,"score":0.470119833946228},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.45720914006233215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3888494074344635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.07553133368492126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164062316","display_name":"International Journal of Information Security","issn_l":"1615-5262","issn":["1615-5262","1615-5270"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Information Security","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:researchbank.rmit.edu.au:rmit:5929","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchbank.rmit.edu.au/view/rmit:5929","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:alma.61RMIT_INST:11248334790001341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://doi.org/10.1007/s10207-009-0096-z","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402074","display_name":"RMIT Research Repository (RMIT University Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","host_organization_name":"RMIT University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27434991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27434991","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W17585283","https://openalex.org/W1523682477","https://openalex.org/W1527581375","https://openalex.org/W1547249794","https://openalex.org/W1603495404","https://openalex.org/W1606443045","https://openalex.org/W1639795441","https://openalex.org/W1787534826","https://openalex.org/W1978889052","https://openalex.org/W1981221121","https://openalex.org/W2017355267","https://openalex.org/W2032551902","https://openalex.org/W2041942569","https://openalex.org/W2060575115","https://openalex.org/W2065224899","https://openalex.org/W2090797202","https://openalex.org/W2095894117","https://openalex.org/W2104791842","https://openalex.org/W2106137793","https://openalex.org/W2108752797","https://openalex.org/W2125587922","https://openalex.org/W2144169730","https://openalex.org/W2144596760","https://openalex.org/W2146112636","https://openalex.org/W2146813141","https://openalex.org/W2151613430","https://openalex.org/W2172121815","https://openalex.org/W2499438468","https://openalex.org/W2536220535","https://openalex.org/W2570008916","https://openalex.org/W4252841717","https://openalex.org/W6631470086"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1521288801","https://openalex.org/W4281980780","https://openalex.org/W4295694437","https://openalex.org/W2988869405","https://openalex.org/W4253912458","https://openalex.org/W1796822332","https://openalex.org/W3125084470","https://openalex.org/W2504412559","https://openalex.org/W2783463979","https://openalex.org/W4243157716"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}