{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2892156502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","title":"The \u201cOut-of-the-Loop\u201d concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications","display_name":"The \u201cOut-of-the-Loop\u201d concept in automated driving: proposed definition, measures and implications","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-09-15","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2892156502","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","mag":"2892156502"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059540023","display_name":"Natasha Merat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Natasha Merat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4140-9948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021645337","display_name":"Bobbie Seppelt","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bobbie Seppelt","raw_affiliation_strings":["MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MIT Center for Transportation and Logistics, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017087857","display_name":"Tyron Louw","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6577-6369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130828816","display_name":"University of Leeds","ror":"https://ror.org/024mrxd33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyron Louw","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Transport Studies, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104108633","display_name":"Johan Engstr\u00f6m","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387930269","display_name":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/05953j253","country_code":null,"type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4387930269","https://openalex.org/I859038795"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johan Engstr\u00f6m","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech Transportation Institute, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795","https://openalex.org/I4387930269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000048328","display_name":"John D. Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9808-2160"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116219","display_name":"Engineering Systems (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02qg60849","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John D. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Industrial and Systems Engineering, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Industrial and Systems Engineering, 1513 University Avenue, Madison, WI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027150467","display_name":"Emma Johansson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5300-9672"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emma Johansson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Group Trucks Technology, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015751349","display_name":"Charles A. Green","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118136607","display_name":"General Motors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05addee68","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Charles A. Green","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Motors Co., Detroit, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Motors Co., Detroit, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118136607"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007531795","display_name":"Satoshi Katazaki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73613424","display_name":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01703db54","country_code":"JP","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Satoshi Katazaki","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73613424"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059683641","display_name":"Chris Monk","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1338365311","display_name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcfqs37","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282462722","https://openalex.org/I1338365311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris Monk","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1338365311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041116512","display_name":"Makoto Itoh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4904-1466"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","display_name":"University of Tsukuba","ror":"https://ror.org/02956yf07","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Makoto Itoh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Engineering, Information and Systems, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070847851","display_name":"Daniel V. McGehee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7019-3317"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126307644","display_name":"University of Iowa","ror":"https://ror.org/036jqmy94","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel McGehee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mechanical and Industrial Engineering and National Advanced Driving Simulator, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126307644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082574447","display_name":"Takashi Sunda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110524","display_name":"Nissan (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/01nks1c62","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takashi Sunda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Nissan Motor Corporation Ltd., Yokosuka, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Nissan Motor Corporation Ltd., Yokosuka, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110524"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056707296","display_name":"Kiyozumi Unoura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283473643","display_name":"Honda (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/03jzay846","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kiyozumi Unoura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Honda R&D Co., Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Honda R&D Co., Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283473643"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017953936","display_name":"Trent Victor","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9550-2411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1340210623","display_name":"Volvo (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/05b6ypc36","country_code":"SE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387153628","display_name":"Volvo Cars (Sweden)","ror":"https://ror.org/005n5zv88","country_code":null,"type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210153393","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trent Victor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Volvo Cars, Gothenburg, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Volvo Cars, Gothenburg, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1340210623","https://openalex.org/I4387153628"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059468638","display_name":"Anna Schieben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3608-2004"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","display_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","ror":"https://ror.org/04bwf3e34","country_code":"DE","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1305996414","https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anna Schieben","raw_affiliation_strings":["DLR German Aerospace, Brunswick, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DLR German Aerospace, Brunswick, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051354612","display_name":"Andreas Keinath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7303-9027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156768","display_name":"BMW Group (Germany)","ror":"https://ror.org/044kkbh92","country_code":"DE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Keinath","raw_affiliation_strings":["BMW Group, Munich, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BMW Group, Munich, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156768"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059540023"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130828816"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":18.3334,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":256,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99531733,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"21","issue":"1","first_page":"87","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10524","display_name":"Traffic control and management","score":0.9613000154495239,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-and-organizational-psychology","display_name":"Industrial and organizational psychology","score":0.8597901463508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loop","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","score":0.4578418433666229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.4360584020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4105963408946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3687879145145416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.36766111850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.3437761962413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.33075612783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.20514094829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17964911460876465}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130497676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2045692","display_name":"Industrial and organizational psychology","level":2,"score":0.8597901463508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184670325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q512604","display_name":"Loop (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4578418433666229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4360584020614624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4105963408946991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3687879145145416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.36766111850738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.3437761962413788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33075612783432007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20514094829559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17964911460876465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp:00051650","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2241/00157079","pdf_url":"https://tsukuba.repo.nii.ac.jp/record/51650/files/CTW_21-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402076","display_name":"Terrestrial Environment Research Center (University of Tsukuba)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I146399215","host_organization_name":"University of Tsukuba","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146399215"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:elib.dlr.de:125908","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://elib.dlr.de/125908/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196266","display_name":"elib (German Aerospace Center)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2898391981","host_organization_name":"Deutsches Zentrum f\u00fcr Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2898391981"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Zeitschriftenbeitrag"},{"id":"pmh:oai:vtechworks.lib.vt.edu:10919/93316","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10919/93316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400248","display_name":"VTechWorks (Virginia Tech)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","host_organization_name":"Virginia Tech","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article - Refereed"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-018-0525-8.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4937468798","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"H2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332728","display_name":"National Highway Traffic Safety Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/04gcfqs37"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332999","display_name":"Horizon 2020 Framework Programme","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892156502.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2892156502.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":69,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43569989","https://openalex.org/W44505555","https://openalex.org/W107233025","https://openalex.org/W155723347","https://openalex.org/W616614584","https://openalex.org/W844174826","https://openalex.org/W971421295","https://openalex.org/W1522378611","https://openalex.org/W1557496348","https://openalex.org/W1570125503","https://openalex.org/W1574137424","https://openalex.org/W1594707381","https://openalex.org/W1773016195","https://openalex.org/W1874692815","https://openalex.org/W1963892017","https://openalex.org/W1971417956","https://openalex.org/W1971474799","https://openalex.org/W1973748529","https://openalex.org/W1978271112","https://openalex.org/W1979004942","https://openalex.org/W1980213106","https://openalex.org/W1983561474","https://openalex.org/W1999053831","https://openalex.org/W2004418781","https://openalex.org/W2011241895","https://openalex.org/W2011493139","https://openalex.org/W2013068849","https://openalex.org/W2014805324","https://openalex.org/W2017117157","https://openalex.org/W2019817660","https://openalex.org/W2024529169","https://openalex.org/W2041574867","https://openalex.org/W2043143027","https://openalex.org/W2057366010","https://openalex.org/W2074331253","https://openalex.org/W2094136133","https://openalex.org/W2094147539","https://openalex.org/W2117074369","https://openalex.org/W2124853884","https://openalex.org/W2146948159","https://openalex.org/W2153246402","https://openalex.org/W2153619684","https://openalex.org/W2155462116","https://openalex.org/W2158533495","https://openalex.org/W2162489854","https://openalex.org/W2165800988","https://openalex.org/W2245787924","https://openalex.org/W2319663855","https://openalex.org/W2343175937","https://openalex.org/W2484383096","https://openalex.org/W2515673966","https://openalex.org/W2521184955","https://openalex.org/W2560651875","https://openalex.org/W2568458040","https://openalex.org/W2579937995","https://openalex.org/W2743280949","https://openalex.org/W2744582801","https://openalex.org/W2750875423","https://openalex.org/W2752659628","https://openalex.org/W2754739002","https://openalex.org/W2762955978","https://openalex.org/W2770450151","https://openalex.org/W2799403119","https://openalex.org/W2981476967","https://openalex.org/W3008876468","https://openalex.org/W4237513721","https://openalex.org/W4290457325","https://openalex.org/W4300358248","https://openalex.org/W7065543116"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W24774503","https://openalex.org/W2014821076","https://openalex.org/W2035104910","https://openalex.org/W1990620319","https://openalex.org/W1965744717","https://openalex.org/W2010321906","https://openalex.org/W2111234595","https://openalex.org/W1987954280"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Despite":[0],"an":[1],"abundant":[2],"use":[3],"of":[4,8,15,27,42,47,56,68,73,89,95,119,143,170,177,188,211,214,220],"the":[5,9,13,39,48,62,66,74,84,100,110,149,152,164,171,175,184,204,212,218],"term":[6],"\u201cOut":[7],"loop\u201d":[10],"(OOTL)":[11],"in":[12,44,151,167,197],"context":[14],"automated":[16,51,221],"driving":[17,153,222],"and":[18,38,79,91,103,129,136,147,173,181,195,203],"human":[19,101],"factors":[20,102],"research,":[21],"there":[22],"is":[23,59,166,200],"currently":[24],"a":[25,70,93,113,117,140,208],"lack":[26],"consensus":[28],"on":[29,99,148],"its":[30],"precise":[31,141],"definition,":[32],"how":[33,189],"it":[34],"can":[35,192],"be":[36,193],"measured,":[37],"practical":[40],"implications":[41,213],"being":[43,144],"or":[45,162],"out":[46],"loop":[49,150],"during":[50],"driving.":[52],"The":[53],"main":[54],"objective":[55],"this":[57,82,190,215],"paper":[58,85,205],"to":[60,160],"consider":[61],"above":[63],"issues,":[64],"with":[65,207],"goal":[67],"achieving":[69],"shared":[71],"understanding":[72],"OOTL":[75,90],"concept":[76],"between":[77,123],"academics":[78],"practitioners.":[80],"To":[81],"end,":[83],"reviews":[86],"existing":[87],"definitions":[88,156],"outlines":[92],"set":[94],"concepts,":[96],"which,":[97],"based":[98],"driver":[104,165],"behaviour":[105],"literature,":[106],"could":[107],"serve":[108],"as":[109],"basis":[111],"for":[112,217],"commonly-agreed":[114],"definition.":[115],"Following":[116],"series":[118],"working":[120],"group":[121],"meetings":[122],"representatives":[124],"from":[125],"academia,":[126],"research":[127],"institutions":[128],"industrial":[130],"partners":[131],"across":[132],"Europe,":[133],"North":[134],"America,":[135],"Japan,":[137],"we":[138],"suggest":[139],"definition":[142,191,216],"in,":[145],"out,":[146],"context.":[154],"These":[155],"are":[157],"linked":[158],"directly":[159],"whether":[161],"not":[163],"physical":[168],"control":[169],"vehicle,":[172],"also":[174],"degree":[176],"situation":[178],"monitoring":[179],"required":[180],"afforded":[182],"by":[183],"driver.":[185],"A":[186],"consideration":[187],"operationalized":[194],"measured":[196],"empirical":[198],"studies":[199],"then":[201],"provided,":[202],"concludes":[206],"short":[209],"overview":[210],"development":[219],"functions.":[223]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":42},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":46},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-08T15:41:06.802602","created_date":"2018-09-27T00:00:00"}
