{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2076637105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","title":"Broken components versus broken systems: why it is systems not people that lose situation awareness","display_name":"Broken components versus broken systems: why it is systems not people that lose situation awareness","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2076637105","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","mag":"2076637105"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology & Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090048784","display_name":"Paul M. Salmon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7403-0286"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","display_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","ror":"https://ror.org/016gb9e15","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul M. Salmon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, Australia","Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia","Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, Australia 4558#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, QLD, 4558, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Arts and Business, School of Social Sciences, University of the Sunshine Coast Accident Research (USCAR), Maroochydore, Australia 4558#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001788144","display_name":"Guy H. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9852-1132"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32062511","display_name":"Heriot-Watt University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mghma93","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. H. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK","School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK EH14 4AS#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of the Built Environment, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK EH14 4AS#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32062511"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004792776","display_name":"Neville A. Stanton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8562-3279"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","display_name":"University of Southampton","ror":"https://ror.org/01ryk1543","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. A. Stanton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK","Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK","Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Civil, Maritime, Environmental Engineering and Science, Faculty of Engineering and the Environment, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, UK SO17 1BJ#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":13.9935,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99307958,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"2","first_page":"179","last_page":"183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9836999773979187,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/counterpoint","display_name":"Counterpoint","score":0.8872434496879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/component","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","score":0.6388999223709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemology","display_name":"Epistemology","score":0.6189612746238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.6003510355949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5148431658744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.49278953671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4190451502799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.4083184599876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/management-science","display_name":"Management science","score":0.38095349073410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-ethics","display_name":"Engineering ethics","score":0.378950297832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-and-economics","display_name":"Law and economics","score":0.3679298758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1929386556148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.19245249032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.185243159532547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13743746280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.06201335787773132}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12582419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186393","display_name":"Counterpoint","level":2,"score":0.8872434496879578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168167062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1117970","display_name":"Component (thermodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.6388999223709106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6189612746238708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.6003510355949402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5148431658744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.49278953671455383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4190451502799988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4083184599876404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.38095349073410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.378950297832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.3679298758506775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1929386556148529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.19245249032974243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.185243159532547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13743746280670166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.06201335787773132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology & Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soton.ac.uk:382295","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/382295/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401019","display_name":"ePrints Soton (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:usc:14789","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10111-015-0324-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401632","display_name":"USC Research Bank (University of the Sunshine Coast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I174025329","host_organization_name":"University of the Sunshine Coast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I174025329"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6299999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6417957806","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/K00915X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6654630780","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/I036222/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W359197899","https://openalex.org/W1556386779","https://openalex.org/W1566818867","https://openalex.org/W1722810088","https://openalex.org/W1963494573","https://openalex.org/W1963565442","https://openalex.org/W1964596829","https://openalex.org/W1974910100","https://openalex.org/W1977901206","https://openalex.org/W1986918820","https://openalex.org/W1989236431","https://openalex.org/W1999727807","https://openalex.org/W2000986693","https://openalex.org/W2006265556","https://openalex.org/W2008096548","https://openalex.org/W2012925099","https://openalex.org/W2014955720","https://openalex.org/W2015818499","https://openalex.org/W2045940832","https://openalex.org/W2047827399","https://openalex.org/W2049890080","https://openalex.org/W2062172108","https://openalex.org/W2079240142","https://openalex.org/W2084440803","https://openalex.org/W2085529605","https://openalex.org/W2086217951","https://openalex.org/W2104880015","https://openalex.org/W2118854680","https://openalex.org/W2119748171","https://openalex.org/W2124569905","https://openalex.org/W2124670621","https://openalex.org/W2134732423","https://openalex.org/W2154696832","https://openalex.org/W2225876053","https://openalex.org/W2554079077","https://openalex.org/W2751379301","https://openalex.org/W4236544382","https://openalex.org/W4239202739","https://openalex.org/W4239932037","https://openalex.org/W4247254250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359726933","https://openalex.org/W2380613003","https://openalex.org/W3186369155","https://openalex.org/W4295951569","https://openalex.org/W2910555480","https://openalex.org/W3214852386","https://openalex.org/W2218663594","https://openalex.org/W2364901702","https://openalex.org/W1859834523","https://openalex.org/W1975634847"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}