{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2056470116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","title":"An investigation of train driver visual strategies","display_name":"An investigation of train driver visual strategies","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2056470116","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","mag":"2056470116"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031213595","display_name":"Timothy J. Luke","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5513-6605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24273437","display_name":"Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02veezx93","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"T. Luke","raw_affiliation_strings":["TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020599083","display_name":"N. Brook-Carter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142399705","display_name":"Rail Safety and Standards Board (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/048bmqg23","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. Brook-Carter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DX, UK","Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, NW1 2DX, London, Berkshire, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, NW1 2DX, London, Berkshire, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028348849","display_name":"Andrew Parkes","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3097-0644"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24273437","display_name":"Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02veezx93","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.M. Parkes","raw_affiliation_strings":["TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108127928","display_name":"E. Grimes","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24273437","display_name":"Transport Research Laboratory (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/02veezx93","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Grimes","raw_affiliation_strings":["TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, Wokingham, Berkshire, RG40 3GA, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"TRL, Crowthorne House, Nine Mile Ride, RG40 3GA, Wokingham, Berkshire, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075929160","display_name":"Ann Mills","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142399705","display_name":"Rail Safety and Standards Board (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/048bmqg23","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Mills","raw_affiliation_strings":["Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DX, UK","Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, NW1 2DX, London, Berkshire, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, London, NW1 2DX, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Rail Safety and Standards Board, Evergreen House, 160 Euston Road, NW1 2DX, London, Berkshire, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142399705"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031213595"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24273437"],"apc_list":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":2490,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":3090},"fwci":1.8568,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":68,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86422684,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"1","first_page":"15","last_page":"29"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14056","display_name":"Safety Warnings and Signage","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.9843999743461609,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10370","display_name":"Traffic and Road Safety","score":0.9118000268936157,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/train","display_name":"Train","score":0.7117373943328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-search","display_name":"Visual search","score":0.679905354976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-movement","display_name":"Eye movement","score":0.6212748289108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6021001935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.599750280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5668532252311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5341206192970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2900892198085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24789103865623474}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190839683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2448197","display_name":"Train","level":2,"score":0.7117373943328857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158495155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2369151","display_name":"Visual search","level":2,"score":0.679905354976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153050134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q760256","display_name":"Eye movement","level":2,"score":0.6212748289108276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6021001935005188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.599750280380249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5668532252311707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5341206192970276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2900892198085785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24789103865623474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10111-005-0015-7.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S113222589","display_name":"Cognition Technology & Work","issn_l":"1435-5558","issn":["1435-5558","1435-5566"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Cognition, Technology &amp; Work","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6100000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056470116.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2056470116.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W114330277","https://openalex.org/W2181121927","https://openalex.org/W2911532617"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2353674690","https://openalex.org/W2625892619","https://openalex.org/W33281282","https://openalex.org/W2781103950","https://openalex.org/W2070426425","https://openalex.org/W2332919740","https://openalex.org/W1973636536","https://openalex.org/W2079488987","https://openalex.org/W2070997585","https://openalex.org/W2756314524"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Train":[0,298],"driving":[1,222,250,333,340,400],"is":[2,41,341,380],"primarily":[3],"a":[4,70,117,146,172,178,192,308,371],"visual":[5,28,47,58,87,98,132,155,185,210,240,293,358,409,426],"task;":[6],"train":[7,22,50,85,109,130,153,183,245,296,312,339,356],"drivers":[8,51,220,246],"are":[9,287,405],"required":[10],"to":[11,32,44,67,83,90,126,170,218,253,352,382],"monitor":[12],"the":[13,21,46,57,97,141,149,160,188,196,228,239,244,251,257,261,292,322,332,345,361,384,390],"dynamic":[14],"scene":[15,59],"visually":[16],"both":[17],"outside":[18],"and":[19,55,89,134,163,166,212,215,230,255,284,335,344,354,375,389,398],"inside":[20],"cab.":[23],"Poor":[24],"performance":[25],"on":[26,93,157,182],"this":[27,68,139,168,317,348,419],"task":[29,334],"may":[30],"lead":[31],"errors,":[33],"such":[34,63,428,436],"as":[35,64,429,437],"signals":[36],"passed":[37],"at":[38],"danger.":[39],"It":[40],"therefore":[42],"important":[43,288,406],"understand":[45,127,256],"strategies":[48,197,359],"that":[49,276,303,411],"employ":[52],"when":[53],"monitoring":[54,95],"searching":[56],"for":[60,148,205,321],"key":[61],"items,":[62],"signals.":[65],"Prior":[66],"investigation,":[69],"pilot":[71],"study":[72,107,176,318,349,368],"had":[73],"already":[74],"been":[75],"carried":[76],"out":[77],"using":[78,415],"an":[79],"eye":[80,111],"tracking":[81,202],"technique":[82],"investigate":[84,383],"drivers\u2019":[86,110,184],"behaviour":[88,133,186,262,294,410],"collect":[91],"data":[92,121,181,301,346,374,417],"driver":[94,131,154,299,304,336,357],"of":[96,108,114,120,138,151,159,180,190,195,232,238,266,295,316,327,331,364,373,378,386,408,422,425],"environment,":[99],"Groeger":[100],"et":[101],"al.":[102],"(":[103],"2003":[104],")":[105],"Pilot":[106],"movements,":[112],"University":[113],"Surrey.":[115],"However,":[116,338],"larger":[118],"set":[119],"was":[122,216,271],"needed":[123,381],"in":[124,311,325,360],"order":[125],"more":[128],"fully":[129],"strategies.":[135],"In":[136,242],"light":[137],"need,":[140],"Transport":[142],"Research":[143],"Laboratory":[144],"produced":[145],"methodology":[147,169],"assessment":[150],"UK":[152],"strategies,":[156],"behalf":[158],"Rail":[161],"Safety":[162],"Standards":[164],"Board":[165],"applied":[167],"conduct":[171],"large-scale":[173],"trial.":[174],"The":[175,199,314],"collected":[177,226],"wealth":[179,372],"with":[187],"aim":[189],"providing":[191],"greater":[193],"understanding":[194],"adopted.":[198],"corneal":[200],"dark-eye":[201],"system":[203],"chosen":[204],"these":[206,416],"trials":[207],"tracks":[208],"human":[209],"search":[211],"scanning":[213],"patterns,":[214],"fitted":[217],"86":[219],"whilst":[221],"in-service":[223],"trains.":[224],"Data":[225],"include":[227],"duration":[229],"frequency":[231],"glances":[233],"made":[234],"towards":[235],"different":[236],"elements":[237],"scene.":[241],"addition,":[243],"were":[247],"interviewed":[248],"after":[249],"routes,":[252],"try":[254],"thought":[258],"processes":[259],"behind":[260],"observed.":[263],"Statistical":[264],"analysis":[265,274,377],"over":[267],"600":[268],"signal":[269,277,280,282,285,365,396],"approaches":[270,397],"conducted.":[272],"This":[273,367],"revealed":[275,302],"aspect,":[278,281],"preceding":[279],"type":[283],"complexity":[286],"factors,":[289],"which":[290],"affect":[291],"drivers.":[297],"interview":[300],"expectation":[305],"also":[306],"plays":[307],"significant":[309],"role":[310,385],"driving.":[313],"findings":[315],"have":[319],"implications":[320],"rail":[323],"industry":[324],"terms":[326],"infrastructure":[328],"design,":[329],"design":[330],"training.":[337],"extremely":[342],"complex":[343,391],"from":[347],"only":[350],"begin":[351],"describe":[353],"explain":[355],"specific":[362],"context":[363],"approaches.":[366],"has":[369],"provided":[370],"further":[376],"it":[379],"other":[387,399,423,434],"factors":[388,394],"relationships":[392],"between":[393],"during":[395],"situations":[401],"systematically.":[402],"Finally,":[403],"there":[404],"aspects":[407,424],"cannot":[412],"be":[413],"examined":[414],"or":[418],"method.":[420],"Investigation":[421],"behaviour,":[427],"peripheral":[430],"vision,":[431],"will":[432],"require":[433],"methods":[435],"simulation.":[438]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
