{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131311041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","title":"The impact of spatial outliers on spatial correlation: the role of the local influence function","display_name":"The impact of spatial outliers on spatial correlation: the role of the local influence function","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131311041","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144150890","display_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","issn_l":"1435-5930","issn":["1435-5930","1435-5949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126712424","display_name":"Giuseppe Arbia","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Arbia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,  Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,  Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5126699065","display_name":"Vincenzo Nardelli","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103320735","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincenzo Nardelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,  Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7215-7934","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore,  Largo Gemelli 1, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5126699065"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103320735"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.18057967,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"7","last_page":"25"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11911","display_name":"Spatial and Panel Data Analysis","score":0.9660000205039978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11014","display_name":"Regional Economics and Spatial Analysis","score":0.00839999970048666,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11871","display_name":"Advanced Statistical Methods and Models","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outlier","display_name":"Outlier","score":0.824400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-correlation","display_name":"Spatial correlation","score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-contextual-awareness","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-analysis","display_name":"Spatial analysis","score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-ecology","display_name":"Spatial ecology","score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-dependence","display_name":"Spatial dependence","score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spatial-variability","display_name":"Spatial variability","score":0.4758000075817108}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79337645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q779824","display_name":"Outlier","level":2,"score":0.824400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.6283000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64754055","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574053","display_name":"Spatial contextual awareness","level":2,"score":0.5806999802589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5548999905586243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159620131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial analysis","level":2,"score":0.5472000241279602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158709400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3578586","display_name":"Spatial ecology","level":2,"score":0.5386999845504761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138695830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Spatial dependence","level":2,"score":0.5304999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48910000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47769999504089355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.4758000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.4512999951839447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983643213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6030225","display_name":"Influence function","level":3,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.4074999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.4007999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97144632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574062","display_name":"Spatial econometrics","level":2,"score":0.38440001010894775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.37139999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777016058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574061","display_name":"Spatial distribution","level":2,"score":0.3634999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3400000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27511587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2178623","display_name":"Spatial relation","level":2,"score":0.3303999900817871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C527412718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q855395","display_name":"Interpretation (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.3165999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.3118000030517578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.3059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173727882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5153620","display_name":"Common spatial pattern","level":2,"score":0.30160000920295715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180478619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574066","display_name":"Spatial heterogeneity","level":2,"score":0.2935999929904938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986587452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q938438","display_name":"Statistical analysis","level":2,"score":0.28119999170303345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2773999869823456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.2770000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.2685000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53622274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2496679","display_name":"Correlation function (quantum field theory)","level":3,"score":0.2578999996185303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910321205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1938983","display_name":"Geographically Weighted Regression","level":2,"score":0.25380000472068787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152877465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208042","display_name":"Regression analysis","level":2,"score":0.25279998779296875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142853389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744778","display_name":"Association (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.25}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144150890","display_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","issn_l":"1435-5930","issn":["1435-5930","1435-5949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10109-025-00488-x.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S144150890","display_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","issn_l":"1435-5930","issn":["1435-5930","1435-5949"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Geographical Systems","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4062535762786865,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323405","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 Cattolica del Sacro Cuore","ror":"https://ror.org/03h7r5v07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131311041.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7131311041.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W49370406","https://openalex.org/W1976200606","https://openalex.org/W1989898472","https://openalex.org/W1992129502","https://openalex.org/W2028226037","https://openalex.org/W2066625239","https://openalex.org/W2067267763","https://openalex.org/W2118898434","https://openalex.org/W2153193653","https://openalex.org/W2489822048","https://openalex.org/W3121678902","https://openalex.org/W4211131047","https://openalex.org/W4233620411","https://openalex.org/W4247110653","https://openalex.org/W4255230573"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,116,144],"the":[2,38,46,65,77,84,91,110,125,145,150,154,174,183,193,199,212],"analysis":[3,62,175,200],"of":[4,27,40,67,124,153,163,176,192,195,201],"large":[5],"spatial":[6,11,21,36,51,78,96,139,196,202],"datasets,":[7,181],"identifying":[8],"and":[9,48,108,158,179,189,204],"treating":[10],"outliers":[12,197],"is":[13,86],"essential":[14],"for":[15,134,138],"accurately":[16],"interpreting":[17],"geographical":[18],"phenomena.":[19],"While":[20],"correlation":[22,203],"measures,":[23,72],"particularly":[24],"Local":[25],"Indicators":[26],"Spatial":[28],"Association":[29],"(LISA),":[30],"are":[31,73],"widely":[32],"used":[33,59],"to":[34,63],"detect":[35],"patterns,":[37],"presence":[39],"abnormal":[41],"observations":[42,69],"may":[43],"frequently":[44],"distort":[45],"landscape":[47],"conceal":[49],"critical":[50],"relationships.":[52],"Traditional":[53],"influence":[54,85,126,156],"function":[55,127,157],"(IF)":[56],"methodologies,":[57],"commonly":[58],"in":[60,76,81,94,113,141,166,198,209],"statistical":[61,71],"measure":[64],"impact":[66],"individual":[68],"on":[70],"not":[74,88],"applicable":[75],"context":[79],"because":[80],"this":[82,117],"case":[83],"determined":[87],"only":[89],"by":[90,100,109],"value":[92],"observed":[93,112],"a":[95,121,161,167,186],"unit,":[97],"but":[98],"also":[99],"its":[101,103,207],"location,":[102],"connections":[104],"with":[105,211],"neighboring":[106,114],"regions,":[107],"values":[111],"observations.":[115],"paper,":[118,146],"we":[119,147,159,205],"introduce":[120],"local":[122,155,213],"version":[123],"(called":[128],"\u201cLocal":[129],"Influence":[130],"Function\u201d,":[131],"or":[132],"LIF":[133,184],"short)":[135],"that":[136],"accounts":[137],"dependence":[140],"robustness":[142],"analysis.":[143],"first":[148],"derive":[149],"analytical":[151],"expression":[152],"suggest":[160],"way":[162],"summarizing":[164],"it":[165],"single":[168],"parameter.":[169],"We":[170],"then":[171],"show,":[172],"through":[173],"both":[177],"simulated":[178],"real-world":[180],"how":[182],"provides":[185],"more":[187],"nuanced":[188],"accurate":[190],"description":[191],"effects":[194],"discuss":[206],"interpretation":[208],"comparison":[210],"Moran":[214],"index.":[215]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}
