{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131223090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","title":"Analyzing the effectiveness and satisfaction of hand tracking vs. controllers among VR-experienced users","display_name":"Analyzing the effectiveness and satisfaction of hand tracking vs. controllers among VR-experienced users","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131223090","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109671478","display_name":"Ricardo Pardo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ricardo Pardo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055621924","display_name":"Ignacio Miralles","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1205-5434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ignacio Miralles","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Avinguda de la Universitat, 46100, Burjassot, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia, Avinguda de la Universitat, 46100, Burjassot, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021125221","display_name":"\u00c1gueda G\u00f3mez-Cambronero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2986-4331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00c1gueda G\u00f3mez-Cambronero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036022004","display_name":"Inmaculada Remolar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7743-2579"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I10902133","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inmaculada Remolar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of New Imaging Technologies, Universitat Jaume I, Av. Sos Baynat, 12006, Castell\u00f3n, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036022004"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I10902133"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.16258198,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.6509000062942505,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10789","display_name":"Interactive and Immersive Displays","score":0.11209999769926071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10888","display_name":"Augmented Reality Applications","score":0.041200000792741776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.6680999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variety","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contrast","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-experience-design","display_name":"User experience design","score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/3d-interaction","display_name":"3D interaction","score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-interface","display_name":"User interface","score":0.38269999623298645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.820900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7551000118255615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.6680999994277954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6247000098228455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136197465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1729295","display_name":"Variety (cybernetics)","level":2,"score":0.5472999811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.44600000977516174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201025465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11248500","display_name":"User experience design","level":2,"score":0.4278999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776977519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4636326","display_name":"3D interaction","level":3,"score":0.42309999465942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.41830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.39809998869895935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89505385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47146","display_name":"User interface","level":2,"score":0.38269999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.36550000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62402345","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18921192","display_name":"Interaction technique","level":3,"score":0.35929998755455017},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134537474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17144832","display_name":"Naturalness","level":2,"score":0.352400004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175154964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380077","display_name":"Task analysis","level":3,"score":0.33970001339912415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.3361999988555908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.3206999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121449826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864114","display_name":"Input device","level":2,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.2987000048160553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170130773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q216378","display_name":"Usability","level":2,"score":0.29670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37789001","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782543","display_name":"Graphical user interface","level":2,"score":0.2842999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.2816999852657318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017893058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q999278","display_name":"User satisfaction","level":2,"score":0.27970001101493835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96439379","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178805","display_name":"Joystick","level":2,"score":0.2662000060081482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10431821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6510174","display_name":"Learning effect","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777211547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17141490","display_name":"Training (meteorology)","level":2,"score":0.2538999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.2526000142097473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.2515000104904175}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01333-2","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8641403913497925,"display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322926","display_name":"Universitat Jaume I","ror":"https://ror.org/02ws1xc11"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W605986614","https://openalex.org/W1497431575","https://openalex.org/W1626120957","https://openalex.org/W2126698653","https://openalex.org/W2135679589","https://openalex.org/W2173362131","https://openalex.org/W2472405374","https://openalex.org/W2602836868","https://openalex.org/W2766989601","https://openalex.org/W2808351283","https://openalex.org/W2889516910","https://openalex.org/W2908999732","https://openalex.org/W2914033617","https://openalex.org/W2921633749","https://openalex.org/W3037631929","https://openalex.org/W3090162322","https://openalex.org/W3119286888","https://openalex.org/W3119351425","https://openalex.org/W3119399459","https://openalex.org/W3142105085","https://openalex.org/W3200153183","https://openalex.org/W4220735967","https://openalex.org/W4283446840","https://openalex.org/W4310612466","https://openalex.org/W4321488151","https://openalex.org/W4366282163","https://openalex.org/W4387319165","https://openalex.org/W4393182349","https://openalex.org/W4398144736","https://openalex.org/W4402722041"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Virtual":[1],"Reality":[2],"(VR)":[3],"technology":[4,211],"is":[5],"widely":[6],"used":[7],"in":[8,111,169,201,239],"training":[9,241],"and":[10,20,44,103,124,137,147,155,247],"simulation":[11],"scenarios":[12],"due":[13],"to":[14,17,28,120,143],"its":[15],"ability":[16],"provide":[18],"immersive":[19,106],"interactive":[21],"environments.":[22],"These":[23,189],"systems":[24],"typically":[25],"require":[26],"users":[27,91,115],"manipulate":[29],"virtual":[30],"objects":[31],"or":[32,75],"customize":[33],"their":[34,101],"experience,":[35,95],"relying":[36],"mainly":[37],"on":[38,59],"two":[39,132,174],"interaction":[40,87,145,170,175],"methods:":[41],"VR":[42,66,94,107,240],"controllers":[43,136,200,217],"hand":[45,141,230],"tracking.":[46],"While":[47],"prior":[48,93],"research":[49],"has":[50],"frequently":[51],"compared":[52],"these":[53],"techniques,":[54],"most":[55,178],"studies":[56,194],"have":[57],"focused":[58],"novice":[60],"users,":[61],"whose":[62],"limited":[63],"familiarity":[64],"with":[65,92,192],"often":[67],"introduces":[68],"confounding":[69],"factors":[70],"such":[71],"as":[72,214,216],"learning":[73],"curves":[74],"technological":[76],"inexperience.":[77],"To":[78],"address":[79],"this":[80],"gap,":[81],"the":[82,138,156,173,225],"present":[83],"study":[84],"evaluates":[85],"both":[86,122],"methods":[88,176],"specifically":[89],"among":[90],"offering":[96],"a":[97,196,219],"clearer":[98],"understanding":[99],"of":[100,186,199,221,227],"performance":[102],"preferences.":[104],"An":[105],"environment":[108],"was":[109,153,162],"developed":[110],"which":[112],"30":[113],"experienced":[114],"completed":[116],"four":[117],"tasks":[118],"designed":[119],"include":[121],"gross":[123],"fine":[125],"motor":[126],"skills.":[127],"Participants":[128],"were":[129],"divided":[130],"into":[131],"groups,":[133],"one":[134],"using":[135,140],"other":[139],"tracking,":[142],"measure":[144],"time":[146,152,171],"user":[148,187],"satisfaction.":[149,188],"Task":[150],"completion":[151],"recorded,":[154],"User":[157],"Satisfaction":[158],"Evaluation":[159],"Questionnaire":[160],"(USEQ)":[161],"administered.":[163],"Results":[164],"showed":[165],"no":[166],"significant":[167],"differences":[168],"between":[172],"across":[177],"tasks.":[179,223],"Likewise,":[180],"USEQ":[181],"scores":[182],"revealed":[183],"comparable":[184],"levels":[185],"findings":[190],"contrast":[191],"previous":[193],"reporting":[195],"consistent":[197],"advantage":[198],"precision-related":[202],"performance.":[203],"Instead,":[204],"our":[205],"results":[206],"suggest":[207],"that":[208],"contemporary":[209],"hand-tracking":[210],"can":[212],"perform":[213],"effectively":[215],"for":[218],"variety":[220],"training-oriented":[222],"Given":[224],"naturalness":[226],"free-hand":[228],"gestures,":[229],"tracking":[231],"may":[232],"thus":[233],"play":[234],"an":[235],"increasingly":[236],"relevant":[237],"role":[238],"applications,":[242],"supporting":[243],"more":[244],"intuitive":[245],"self-learning":[246],"motor-skill":[248],"development.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T09:40:50.615796","created_date":"2026-02-25T00:00:00"}