{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7131130443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","title":"The effect of facial cue placement in virtual collaboration","display_name":"The effect of facial cue placement in virtual collaboration","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7131130443","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025291153","display_name":"Theophilus Teo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7322-8864"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Theophilus Teo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023575073","display_name":"Allison Jing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0418-3217"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82951845","display_name":"RMIT University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ttjf776","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Allison Jing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computing Technologies, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82951845"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101665590","display_name":"Chenkai Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7009-0377"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chenkai Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wearable Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Street, Mawson Lakes, 5095, SA, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wearable Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Street, Mawson Lakes, 5095, SA, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057393612","display_name":"Michael Frederick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Frederick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121459750","display_name":"Heesook Shin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heesook Shin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087747651","display_name":"Yongho Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-9511-992X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongho Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079487277","display_name":"Youn-Hee Gil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3596-6609"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I142401562","display_name":"Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03ysstz10","country_code":"KR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I142401562","https://openalex.org/I2801339556","https://openalex.org/I4210144908","https://openalex.org/I4387152098"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Youn-Hee Gil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Content Research Division, Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute, Daejeon, 34129, Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I142401562"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Mark Billinghurst","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark Billinghurst","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121447274","display_name":"Gun A. Lee","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170239107","display_name":"University of South Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/01p93h210","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gun A. Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Empathic Computing Lab, Adelaide University, Mawson Lakes, SA, 5095, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":9,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025291153"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170239107"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53562005,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.6395000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.6395000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.06679999828338623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11094","display_name":"Face Recognition and Perception","score":0.04340000078082085,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.6358000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/avatar","display_name":"Avatar","score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaze","display_name":"Gaze","score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression","display_name":"Facial expression","score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notice","display_name":"Notice","score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensory-cue","display_name":"Sensory cue","score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eye-tracking","display_name":"Eye tracking","score":0.41499999165534973}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7171000242233276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.6585999727249146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.6358000040054321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777365542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83090","display_name":"Avatar","level":2,"score":0.6280999779701233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779916870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14467155","display_name":"Gaze","level":2,"score":0.6177999973297119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195704467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327968","display_name":"Facial expression","level":2,"score":0.6061999797821045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779913896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7063001","display_name":"Notice","level":2,"score":0.48539999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111370547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451120","display_name":"Sensory cue","level":2,"score":0.45509999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.415800005197525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56461940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q970687","display_name":"Eye tracking","level":2,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.3650999963283539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.3644999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.34610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138591656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5157538","display_name":"Computer facial animation","level":4,"score":0.3319999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10090317","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7551030","display_name":"Social cue","level":2,"score":0.3312000036239624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49774154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131765","display_name":"Multimedia","level":1,"score":0.322299987077713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113843644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901882","display_name":"Interface (matter)","level":4,"score":0.3001999855041504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150303390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1983852","display_name":"Virtual actor","level":3,"score":0.2953999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.2712000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206776904","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1758389","display_name":"Mixed reality","level":3,"score":0.26910001039505005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777375102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208351","display_name":"Disgust","level":3,"score":0.2689000070095062}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-026-01332-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.40848901867866516}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":65,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1988744266","https://openalex.org/W2058300759","https://openalex.org/W2078785452","https://openalex.org/W2128865462","https://openalex.org/W2157289187","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2201982812","https://openalex.org/W2255803125","https://openalex.org/W2291362097","https://openalex.org/W2295763703","https://openalex.org/W2546938267","https://openalex.org/W2559592455","https://openalex.org/W2560783356","https://openalex.org/W2567779880","https://openalex.org/W2611455491","https://openalex.org/W2769686804","https://openalex.org/W2774613700","https://openalex.org/W2780330371","https://openalex.org/W2794385674","https://openalex.org/W2796301186","https://openalex.org/W2889126180","https://openalex.org/W2903658345","https://openalex.org/W2910799075","https://openalex.org/W2910990508","https://openalex.org/W2911715508","https://openalex.org/W2940989608","https://openalex.org/W2954518772","https://openalex.org/W2970700814","https://openalex.org/W2999305820","https://openalex.org/W3032836303","https://openalex.org/W3034475656","https://openalex.org/W3042308150","https://openalex.org/W3093956102","https://openalex.org/W3111146395","https://openalex.org/W3112317324","https://openalex.org/W3126857297","https://openalex.org/W3127637041","https://openalex.org/W3186867991","https://openalex.org/W3196550329","https://openalex.org/W3199905018","https://openalex.org/W4224215933","https://openalex.org/W4224252713","https://openalex.org/W4225127957","https://openalex.org/W4284881760","https://openalex.org/W4311507088","https://openalex.org/W4312728115","https://openalex.org/W4317941950","https://openalex.org/W4318605712","https://openalex.org/W4321604889","https://openalex.org/W4366550680","https://openalex.org/W4367662826","https://openalex.org/W4387250672","https://openalex.org/W4389296486","https://openalex.org/W4389296631","https://openalex.org/W4389369403","https://openalex.org/W4390094946","https://openalex.org/W4392405673","https://openalex.org/W4399125999","https://openalex.org/W4402520913","https://openalex.org/W4406265644","https://openalex.org/W4407002309","https://openalex.org/W4409762722","https://openalex.org/W4410721837","https://openalex.org/W4413130219","https://openalex.org/W6888784080"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Sharing":[1],"facial":[2,77,93,146,184],"expressions":[3,94],"plays":[4],"an":[5],"important":[6],"role":[7],"in":[8,14,50,65,194],"communicating":[9],"emotions":[10],"during":[11,82],"interaction.":[12,85],"However,":[13],"collaborative":[15],"tasks":[16],"with":[17],"heavy":[18],"visual":[19],"and":[20,58,67,180,187],"physical":[21],"demands,":[22],"it":[23],"can":[24],"be":[25,47],"difficult":[26],"to":[27,38,46,133,171],"share":[28],"or":[29,105,140],"notice":[30],"these":[31,40,119],"expressions.":[32],"Virtual":[33],"Reality":[34],"(VR)":[35],"offers":[36],"opportunities":[37],"overcome":[39],"limitations":[41],"by":[42],"enabling":[43],"non-verbal":[44],"cues":[45,63,124,147,159],"positioned":[48],"flexibly":[49],"the":[51,116,135,143,178],"shared":[52],"environment":[53],"so":[54],"they":[55],"remain":[56],"visible":[57],"salient.":[59],"Yet,":[60],"how":[61,76],"such":[62],"help":[64],"visually":[66],"physically":[68],"demanding":[69],"collaboration":[70,81],"remains":[71],"unclear.":[72],"This":[73],"research":[74,189],"investigates":[75],"cue":[78,185],"placement":[79,136,186],"affects":[80],"virtual":[83],"object":[84],"We":[86,176],"developed":[87],"a":[88,96,102,172],"VR":[89,174,195],"prototype":[90],"that":[91,122],"shares":[92],"using":[95],"3-Dimensional":[97],"avatar":[98],"head,":[99],"placed":[100,125],"on":[101,112],"collaborator\u2019s":[103],"hand":[104,158],"task-related":[106],"objects.":[107],"A":[108],"user":[109],"study":[110],"based":[111],"30":[113],"participants":[114,149],"evaluated":[115],"impact":[117],"of":[118,145,183],"placements":[120],"showed":[121],"only":[123],"\u201con":[126],"hand\"":[127],"had":[128],"increased":[129],"participants\u2019":[130],"gaze":[131],"activities":[132],"where":[134],"was,":[137],"whether":[138],"consciously":[139],"automatically.":[141],"Interestingly":[142],"absence":[144],"boost":[148],"predictions":[150],"toward":[151],"their":[152],"acting":[153],"partner\u2019s":[154],"satisfaction":[155],"level,":[156],"suggesting":[157],"may":[160],"hinder":[161],"emotional":[162,192],"attribution.":[163],"No":[164],"clear":[165],"performance":[166],"differences":[167],"were":[168],"observed":[169],"compared":[170],"traditional":[173],"setup.":[175],"discuss":[177],"design":[179],"practical":[181],"implications":[182],"future":[188],"directions":[190],"for":[191],"awareness":[193],"collaboration.":[196]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T23:56:10.502304","created_date":"2026-02-24T00:00:00"}