{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7134215719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","title":"Assessing physiological and psychological relaxation in simulated urban-nature transitions: the role of water elements in virtual reality environments","display_name":"Assessing physiological and psychological relaxation in simulated urban-nature transitions: the role of water elements in virtual reality environments","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-03-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7134215719","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049353810","display_name":"Jittakon Ramanpong","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I25399158","display_name":"Mahidol University","ror":"https://ror.org/01znkr924","country_code":"TH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]}],"countries":["TH","TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jittakon Ramanpong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand","School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Environment and Resource Studies, Mahidol University, Nakhonpathom, Thailand","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I25399158"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128357286","display_name":"Jie Yin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116953780","display_name":"Tongji University","ror":"https://ror.org/03rc6as71","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["CN","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Ecology and Energy-Saving Study of Dense Habitat (Ministry of Education), College of Architecture and Urban Planning, Tongji University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116953780"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5128376352","display_name":"Chein-Wen Wang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chein-Wen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5124837248","display_name":"Chih-Da Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I152743029","display_name":"Kaohsiung Medical University","ror":"https://ror.org/03gk81f96","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162838928","display_name":"National Chung Hsing University","ror":"https://ror.org/05vn3ca78","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165441096","display_name":"National Health Research Institutes","ror":"https://ror.org/02r6fpx29","country_code":"TW","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165441096"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chih-Da Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan","Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Geomatics, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Innovation and Development Center of Sustainable Agriculture, National Chung-Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162838928"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165441096"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Center for Precision Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I152743029"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071903069","display_name":"Chia-Pin Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7099-4026"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16733864","display_name":"National Taiwan University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bqach95","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chia-Pin Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan","The Experimental Forest, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Forestry and Resource Conservation, National Taiwan University, No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei, 10617, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Experimental Forest, College of Bioresources and Agriculture, National Taiwan University, Nantou, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071903069"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16733864"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72612847,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.34279999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10692","display_name":"Urban Green Space and Health","score":0.34279999136924744,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13353","display_name":"Flow Experience in Various Fields","score":0.06909999996423721,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11692","display_name":"Noise Effects and Management","score":0.0272000003606081,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3616","display_name":"Speech and Hearing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relaxation","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/finite-element-method","display_name":"Finite element method","score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-machine","display_name":"Virtual machine","score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.32089999318122864}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.7516999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7074999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776029896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3935810","display_name":"Relaxation (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5602999925613403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.44589999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.41179999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.3440999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25344961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192726","display_name":"Virtual machine","level":2,"score":0.33869999647140503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.32089999318122864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44154836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q45045","display_name":"Simulation","level":1,"score":0.31459999084472656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36464697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q451553","display_name":"Visualization","level":2,"score":0.3124000132083893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776121688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1897240","display_name":"Virtual water","level":4,"score":0.289900004863739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.288100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910053781","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q955260","display_name":"Relaxation Therapy","level":3,"score":0.2752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.25540000200271606}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-025-01292-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.774944007396698,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3037722020","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"108-2410-H-002-185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3365722850","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 10","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7160539585","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Technology","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G737106015","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7499696186","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOST 108-2410-H-002-185","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8982693484","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2410-H-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322795","display_name":"Ministry of Science and Technology, Taiwan","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134215719.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7134215719.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W211789174","https://openalex.org/W312060045","https://openalex.org/W1453437286","https://openalex.org/W1502423494","https://openalex.org/W2019137987","https://openalex.org/W2042031487","https://openalex.org/W2042083501","https://openalex.org/W2044422876","https://openalex.org/W2052467933","https://openalex.org/W2054198335","https://openalex.org/W2057307637","https://openalex.org/W2059205334","https://openalex.org/W2080307074","https://openalex.org/W2137243668","https://openalex.org/W2142842186","https://openalex.org/W2159386812","https://openalex.org/W2160676302","https://openalex.org/W2169368100","https://openalex.org/W2233625029","https://openalex.org/W2300662588","https://openalex.org/W2593766908","https://openalex.org/W2626076361","https://openalex.org/W2746248202","https://openalex.org/W2762503645","https://openalex.org/W2789137907","https://openalex.org/W2888177344","https://openalex.org/W2915953456","https://openalex.org/W2963992868","https://openalex.org/W2971986629","https://openalex.org/W2996730833","https://openalex.org/W3004725874","https://openalex.org/W3025265129","https://openalex.org/W3090137698","https://openalex.org/W3091139802","https://openalex.org/W3134162424","https://openalex.org/W3160554351","https://openalex.org/W3186881256","https://openalex.org/W3189011651","https://openalex.org/W3193916657","https://openalex.org/W3217521680","https://openalex.org/W4200007831","https://openalex.org/W4205511745","https://openalex.org/W4282020738","https://openalex.org/W4313526349","https://openalex.org/W4386056973","https://openalex.org/W4386067433","https://openalex.org/W4387421620","https://openalex.org/W4392137204","https://openalex.org/W4394577677","https://openalex.org/W4408490662"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,194],"study":[1,50,195],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,21,31,34,49,128,197,222],"physiological":[4,116],"and":[5,96,150,167,182,206,231],"psychological":[6,97],"restorative":[7,101,172],"effects":[8],"of":[9,25,33,38,70,115,127,130,178,200,224],"transitions":[10],"from":[11],"urban":[12,42,71,219],"environments":[13,72,77,137,161],"to":[14,46,56,66,136,158,227],"natural":[15,76,131],"environments,":[16],"with":[17,78,138],"a":[18,112],"focus":[19],"on":[20],"presence":[22],"or":[23,82],"absence":[24],"water":[26,79,84,139,184,201,225],"features.":[27],"Addressing":[28],"gaps":[29],"in":[30,144,153,160,189,203],"understanding":[32],"immediate":[35],"health":[36,230],"benefits":[37],"nearby":[39],"nature,":[40],"particularly":[41],"blue":[43,168],"spaces":[44,169],"compared":[45,157],"green":[47,166],"spaces,":[48],"utilizes":[51],"Virtual":[52],"Reality":[53],"(VR)":[54],"technology":[55],"simulate":[57],"these":[58],"transitions.":[59,212],"Sixty":[60],"adult":[61],"participants":[62],"were":[63,103,186],"randomly":[64],"assigned":[65],"experience":[67],"VR":[68],"simulations":[69],"followed":[73],"by":[74,122],"either":[75],"(blue":[80],"spaces)":[81],"without":[83,162],"(green":[85],"spaces).":[86],"Physiological":[87],"responses":[88,98],"(heart":[89],"rate,":[90],"blood":[91],"pressure,":[92],"heart":[93,124],"rate":[94],"variability)":[95],"(mood":[99],"states,":[100],"components)":[102],"measured":[104],"across":[105],"three":[106],"time":[107],"points.":[108],"The":[109],"findings":[110,214],"indicate":[111],"general":[113],"trend":[114],"relaxation":[117,205],"over":[118],"time,":[119],"as":[120,175],"evidenced":[121],"reduced":[123],"rates,":[125],"regardless":[126],"type":[129],"environment":[132,211],"viewed.":[133],"Participants":[134],"transitioning":[135],"also":[140],"experienced":[141],"greater":[142],"reductions":[143],"negative":[145],"emotions":[146,155],"(fatigue,":[147],"anger,":[148],"depression)":[149],"higher":[151],"increases":[152],"positive":[154,191],"(vigor)":[156],"those":[159],"water.":[163],"Although":[164],"both":[165],"provided":[170],"similar":[171],"effects,":[173],"such":[174],"enhanced":[176],"feelings":[177],"being":[179],"away,":[180],"fascination,":[181],"compatibility,":[183],"elements":[185,226],"more":[187,233],"effective":[188],"boosting":[190],"mood":[192],"states.":[193],"highlights":[196],"potential":[198],"role":[199],"features":[202],"enhancing":[204],"emotional":[207],"well-being":[208],"during":[209],"urban-to-natural":[210],"These":[213],"suggest":[215],"significant":[216],"implications":[217],"for":[218],"design,":[220],"advocating":[221],"inclusion":[223],"promote":[228],"public":[229],"foster":[232],"sustainable":[234],"cities.":[235]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-22T08:09:32.410652","created_date":"2026-03-09T00:00:00"}