{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407250150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","title":"Enhancing display resolution through virtual pixel creation: a software-based approach for existing displays","display_name":"Enhancing display resolution through virtual pixel creation: a software-based approach for existing displays","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407250150","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032901545","display_name":"David Carmona-Ballester","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-4018"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David Carmona-Ballester","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7771-4018","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048771180","display_name":"Sergio Bonaque\u2010Gonz\u00e1lez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-0368"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergio Bonaque-Gonz\u00e1lez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7162-0368","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F\u00edsica, Universidad de La Laguna (ULL), 38206, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085391592","display_name":"Juan M. Trujillo-Sevilla","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-0746"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juan M. Trujillo-Sevilla","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wooptix S.L., Av. Trinidad-Torre Agust\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, 38205, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7785-0746","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wooptix S.L., Av. Trinidad-Torre Agust\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, 38205, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021814503","display_name":"Sabato Ceruso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3989-9573"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800992755","display_name":"Nordic Institute of Asian Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5sjj19","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696","https://openalex.org/I2800992755"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sabato Ceruso","raw_affiliation_strings":["CLAAS E-Systems, 2990, Nivaa, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CLAAS E-Systems, 2990, Nivaa, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800992755"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108416589","display_name":"Jos\u00e9 Manuel Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158438070","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jos\u00e9 M. Rodr\u00edguez-Ramos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Wooptix S.L., Av. Trinidad-Torre Agust\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, 38205, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wooptix S.L., Av. Trinidad-Torre Agust\u00edn Ar\u00e9valo, 38205, San Crist\u00f3bal de La Laguna, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158438070"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032901545"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.02755419,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"1","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11408","display_name":"Advanced Optical Imaging Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10427","display_name":"Visual perception and processing mechanisms","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10531","display_name":"Advanced Vision and Imaging","score":0.9923999905586243,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8744697570800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","score":0.7547720670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.5938701033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5860477089881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/virtual-reality","display_name":"Virtual reality","score":0.5650460720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-graphics","display_name":"Computer graphics","score":0.5210685133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-device","display_name":"Display device","score":0.4503806233406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/display-resolution","display_name":"Display resolution","score":0.4288240373134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4287777841091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3959221839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.08683657646179199}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8744697570800781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.7547720670700073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.5938701033592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5860477089881897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194969405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170519","display_name":"Virtual reality","level":2,"score":0.5650460720062256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77660652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150971","display_name":"Computer graphics","level":2,"score":0.5210685133934021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164597639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Display device","level":2,"score":0.4503806233406067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71597744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12538706","display_name":"Display resolution","level":3,"score":0.4288240373134613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4287777841091156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3959221839904785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.08683657646179199}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10055-024-01091-z.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320315877","display_name":"Universidad de La Laguna","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9z8p25"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407250150.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4407250150.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970185852","https://openalex.org/W1981086157","https://openalex.org/W2003147603","https://openalex.org/W2005796613","https://openalex.org/W2052258781","https://openalex.org/W2059939887","https://openalex.org/W2068585113","https://openalex.org/W2074225167","https://openalex.org/W2169005668","https://openalex.org/W2169563259","https://openalex.org/W2209771092","https://openalex.org/W2293114155","https://openalex.org/W2297191594","https://openalex.org/W2621165422","https://openalex.org/W4252560973","https://openalex.org/W4385484066"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2382607371","https://openalex.org/W2161540075","https://openalex.org/W358646022","https://openalex.org/W3139177179","https://openalex.org/W3149703929","https://openalex.org/W2327911955","https://openalex.org/W2018141021","https://openalex.org/W2350245792","https://openalex.org/W2126059285","https://openalex.org/W3089256083"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,79,129,184],"increasing":[2],"demand":[3],"for":[4,55,168,174,196,216],"high-resolution":[5],"displays":[6,19],"has":[7],"spurred":[8],"advancements":[9],"in":[10,75,164,182,224],"pixel":[11,28,222],"density;":[12],"however,":[13],"certain":[14],"applications,":[15],"such":[16],"as":[17,100],"head-mounted":[18],"(HMDs)":[20],"and":[21,42,122,127,146,154,170,206],"image":[22,77,81,97],"projectors,":[23,175],"still":[24],"suffer":[25],"from":[26,134],"noticeable":[27],"structures":[29,223],"that":[30],"degrade":[31],"user":[32],"experience.":[33],"Conventional":[34],"methods":[35],"of":[36,113,179,189,199,209],"resolution":[37,58,103,173,210],"enhancement":[38],"are":[39],"often":[40],"complex":[41],"costly,":[43],"limiting":[44],"their":[45],"practicality.":[46],"To":[47],"address":[48],"this,":[49],"we":[50],"propose":[51],"a":[52,66,143,147,152,161,204],"software-based":[53],"methodology":[54,213],"improving":[56],"screen":[57],"through":[59,119],"controlled":[60],"optical":[61,149],"defocus.":[62],"This":[63],"method":[64],"introduces":[65],"blur":[67],"into":[68],"the":[69,76,85,95,105,110,165,187,197,218],"system,":[70],"generating":[71],"overlapping":[72,138],"virtual":[73,92],"pixels":[74],"space.":[78],"original":[80],"is":[82,98],"pre-compensated,":[83],"considering":[84],"altered":[86],"intensity":[87],"distribution":[88],"caused":[89],"by":[90,140],"these":[91,200],"pixels.":[93],"Consequently,":[94],"displayed":[96],"perceived":[99],"having":[101],"higher":[102],"than":[104],"native":[106],"display.":[107],"We":[108],"present":[109],"mathematical":[111],"foundations":[112],"this":[114],"methodology,":[115],"which":[116],"were":[117],"validated":[118],"computational":[120],"analysis":[121],"real-world":[123],"implementations":[124],"on":[125,137],"HMDs":[126,169],"projectors.":[128],"proposed":[130],"approach":[131,191],"distinguishes":[132],"itself":[133],"previous":[135],"works":[136],"sub-frames":[139],"requiring":[141],"only":[142],"single":[144,148],"display":[145,226],"element,":[150],"offering":[151],"simpler":[153],"more":[155],"cost-effective":[156],"solution.":[157],"Experimental":[158],"results":[159],"demonstrate":[160],"significant":[162],"reduction":[163],"screen-door":[166],"effect":[167],"an":[171],"enhanced":[172],"with":[176,221],"minimal":[177],"loss":[178],"quality,":[180],"particularly":[181],"contrast.":[183],"findings":[185],"highlight":[186],"potential":[188],"our":[190,212],"to":[192],"open":[193],"new":[194],"avenues":[195],"development":[198],"technologies.":[201],"By":[202],"providing":[203],"practical":[205],"effective":[207],"means":[208],"improvement,":[211],"holds":[214],"promise":[215],"addressing":[217],"challenges":[219],"associated":[220],"various":[225],"applications.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-13T14:20:09.374765","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}