{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2021354126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","title":"Measuring presence with verbal versus pictorial scales: a comparison between online- and ex post-ratings","display_name":"Measuring presence with verbal versus pictorial scales: a comparison between online- and ex post-ratings","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-07-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2021354126","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","mag":"2021354126"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/4143/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090752722","display_name":"Bartholom\u00e4us Wissmath","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6222-6094"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116528","display_name":"Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01t75ff47","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116528"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134521","display_name":"Swiss Distance University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03exthx58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134521"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bartholom\u00e4us Wissmath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland","Swiss Universitary Institute of Distance Education, \u00dcberlandstrasse 12, Postfach 265, 3900, Brig, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Universitary Institute of Distance Education, \u00dcberlandstrasse 12, Postfach 265, 3900, Brig, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134521","https://openalex.org/I4210116528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030664238","display_name":"David Weibel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1848-9065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210134521","display_name":"Swiss Distance University Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/03exthx58","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210134521"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116528","display_name":"Swiss Distance University of Applied Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/01t75ff47","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116528"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Weibel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland","Swiss Universitary Institute of Distance Education, \u00dcberlandstrasse 12, Postfach 265, 3900, Brig, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Universitary Institute of Distance Education, \u00dcberlandstrasse 12, Postfach 265, 3900, Brig, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210134521","https://openalex.org/I4210116528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012950380","display_name":"Fred W. Mast","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0665-4457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","display_name":"University of Bern","ror":"https://ror.org/02k7v4d05","country_code":"CH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fred W. Mast","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Bern, Muesmattstrasse 45, Bern 9, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090752722"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118564535","https://openalex.org/I4210116528","https://openalex.org/I4210134521"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7547,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85186289,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"53"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10648","display_name":"Virtual Reality Applications and Impacts","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1709","display_name":"Human-Computer Interaction"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12214","display_name":"Media Influence and Health","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1208","display_name":"Literature and Literary Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12593","display_name":"Communication in Education and Healthcare","score":0.9728000164031982,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immersion","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","score":0.5996126532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5505294799804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sensation","display_name":"Sensation","score":0.5422185063362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.5143548250198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.45268574357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonverbal-communication","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","score":0.4518815279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.43436217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relevance","display_name":"Relevance (law)","score":0.4331357479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/workload","display_name":"Workload","score":0.4193650782108307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.3246837854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2880462408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-psychology","display_name":"Developmental psychology","score":0.1261787712574005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10561767220497131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199068039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574523","display_name":"Immersion (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5996126532554626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5505294799804688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130093455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173253","display_name":"Sensation","level":2,"score":0.5422185063362122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5143548250198364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.45268574357032776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145633318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207125","display_name":"Nonverbal communication","level":2,"score":0.4518815279006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.43436217308044434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.4331357479095459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778476105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628539","display_name":"Workload","level":2,"score":0.4193650782108307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.3246837854385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2880462408065796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1261787712574005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10561767220497131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2495878607","display_name":"Virtual Reality","issn_l":"1359-4338","issn":["1359-4338","1434-9957"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Virtual Reality","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:4143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/4143/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wissmath, Bartholom\u00e4us; Weibel, David; Mast, Fred W. (2010). Measuring presence with verbal versus pictorial scales: a comparison between online- and ex post-ratings. Virtual reality, 14(1), pp. 43-53. London: Springer-Verlag 10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doc.rero.ch:316839","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400148","display_name":"reroDoc Digital Library","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:boris.unibe.ch:4143","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/4143/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401086","display_name":"Bern Open Repository and Information System (University of Bern)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I118564535","host_organization_name":"University of Bern","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118564535"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Wissmath, Bartholom\u00e4us; Weibel, David; Mast, Fred W. (2010). Measuring presence with verbal versus pictorial scales: a comparison between online- and ex post-ratings. Virtual reality, 14(1), pp. 43-53. London: Springer-Verlag 10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0 <http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10055-009-0127-0>","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71880246","https://openalex.org/W104998059","https://openalex.org/W164678561","https://openalex.org/W166444551","https://openalex.org/W185024736","https://openalex.org/W1536142404","https://openalex.org/W1551717579","https://openalex.org/W1565240145","https://openalex.org/W1705561776","https://openalex.org/W1742433321","https://openalex.org/W1967623670","https://openalex.org/W1970881825","https://openalex.org/W1971647702","https://openalex.org/W1982772294","https://openalex.org/W1988332051","https://openalex.org/W1998284588","https://openalex.org/W2022219887","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2028069689","https://openalex.org/W2057227467","https://openalex.org/W2058300759","https://openalex.org/W2080898270","https://openalex.org/W2110987215","https://openalex.org/W2133780491","https://openalex.org/W2136757566","https://openalex.org/W2138242322","https://openalex.org/W2147437566","https://openalex.org/W2163039781","https://openalex.org/W2167557160","https://openalex.org/W2176794506","https://openalex.org/W2178182204","https://openalex.org/W2178258609","https://openalex.org/W2211620120","https://openalex.org/W2281488167","https://openalex.org/W2507058334","https://openalex.org/W2807903728","https://openalex.org/W4245765347","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4388366514"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W986318368","https://openalex.org/W2000785801","https://openalex.org/W2384410913","https://openalex.org/W2352878646","https://openalex.org/W2990194547","https://openalex.org/W2004734601","https://openalex.org/W2130149817","https://openalex.org/W1480123525","https://openalex.org/W2620865396","https://openalex.org/W2414054180"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}