{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3173908248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","title":"Testing the randomness of shares in color visual cryptography","display_name":"Testing the randomness of shares in color visual cryptography","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3173908248","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","mag":"3173908248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026255453","display_name":"Leszek J. Chmielewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-2479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170230895","display_name":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05srvzs48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Leszek J. Chmielewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska\u00a0159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-2479","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska\u00a0159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030284664","display_name":"Mariusz Nieniewski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-5567"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I34250744","display_name":"University of \u0141\u00f3d\u017a","ror":"https://ror.org/05cq64r17","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mariusz Nieniewski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Banacha 22, 90-238, Lodz, Poland","Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Banacha\u00a022, 90-238, Lodz, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2025-5567","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Banacha 22, 90-238, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Mathematics and Informatics, University of Lodz, Banacha\u00a022, 90-238, Lodz, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I34250744"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061993696","display_name":"Arkadiusz Or\u0142owski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170230895","display_name":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/05srvzs48","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arkadiusz Or\u0142owski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska\u00a0159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6755-1830","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska 159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Warsaw University of Life Sciences \u2013 SGGW, Institute of Information Technology, Nowoursynowska\u00a0159, 02-775, Warsaw, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5026255453"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170230895"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.3881,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60299595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"4","first_page":"1475","last_page":"1487"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10388","display_name":"Advanced Steganography and Watermarking Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11017","display_name":"Chaos-based Image/Signal Encryption","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12357","display_name":"Digital Media Forensic Detection","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness","display_name":"Randomness","score":0.8327939510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-cryptography","display_name":"Visual cryptography","score":0.7671049237251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/randomness-tests","display_name":"Randomness tests","score":0.6546593308448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5700700283050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5676702857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5293553471565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.5252967476844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4803389310836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-image","display_name":"Binary image","score":0.47355547547340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/color-image","display_name":"Color image","score":0.4728025794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dither","display_name":"Dither","score":0.44764894247055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nist","display_name":"NIST","score":0.41410544514656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.40477532148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37448081374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-processing","display_name":"Image processing","score":0.36289888620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.36158818006515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.34434831142425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.13484153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.0931209921836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/secret-sharing","display_name":"Secret sharing","score":0.06785666942596436}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125112378","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176640","display_name":"Randomness","level":2,"score":0.8327939510345459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779072331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1597418","display_name":"Visual cryptography","level":4,"score":0.7671049237251282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18017163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13560113","display_name":"Randomness tests","level":3,"score":0.6546593308448792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5700700283050537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5676702857017517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5293553471565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.5252967476844788},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4803389310836792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193828747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q864118","display_name":"Binary image","level":4,"score":0.47355547547340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142616399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5148604","display_name":"Color image","level":4,"score":0.4728025794029236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70451592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q376493","display_name":"Dither","level":3,"score":0.44764894247055054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111219384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6954384","display_name":"NIST","level":2,"score":0.41410544514656067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.40477532148361206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37448081374168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9417928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1070689","display_name":"Image processing","level":3,"score":0.36289888620376587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.36158818006515503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.34434831142425537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.13484153151512146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.0931209921836853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3087436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1386603","display_name":"Secret sharing","level":3,"score":0.06785666942596436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9083635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2133535","display_name":"Noise shaping","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-021-00999-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173908248.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3173908248.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W574983598","https://openalex.org/W1515272795","https://openalex.org/W1516390128","https://openalex.org/W1517403092","https://openalex.org/W1963898916","https://openalex.org/W1968272623","https://openalex.org/W1994031177","https://openalex.org/W2040344223","https://openalex.org/W2063453673","https://openalex.org/W2122975390","https://openalex.org/W2155843307","https://openalex.org/W2164896194","https://openalex.org/W2327282934","https://openalex.org/W2469439272","https://openalex.org/W2486923103","https://openalex.org/W2755147693","https://openalex.org/W2889968512","https://openalex.org/W2947694192","https://openalex.org/W2960938653","https://openalex.org/W2969631282","https://openalex.org/W3173908248","https://openalex.org/W3177135295","https://openalex.org/W4253746564","https://openalex.org/W4299298909"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2355763966","https://openalex.org/W2393913750","https://openalex.org/W2057587834","https://openalex.org/W2077628957","https://openalex.org/W2146392066","https://openalex.org/W2351321602","https://openalex.org/W2356261824","https://openalex.org/W2368380350","https://openalex.org/W4378418649","https://openalex.org/W2358337393"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"The":[1,91,106,127],"concept":[2],"of":[3,23,26,37,53,56,70,108,119,129,155,164,176,187],"black-and-white":[4],"visual":[5,145],"cryptography":[6],"with":[7,113,149],"two":[8],"truly":[9,89,135],"random":[10,136],"shares,":[11],"previously":[12],"applied":[13],"to":[14,77,87,171,185],"color":[15,41,71,132],"images,":[16],"was":[17,44,94,111,138],"improved":[18],"by":[19,31],"mixing":[20],"the":[21,24,51,54,57,68,74,85,98,101,109,114,120,147,150,165,174,177,188],"contents":[22,55],"segments":[25],"each":[27],"coding":[28,130],"image":[29,59,133,167],"and":[30],"randomly":[32],"changing":[33],"a":[34,48,131],"specified":[35],"number":[36],"black":[38],"pixels":[39,72],"into":[40],"ones.":[42],"This":[43],"done":[45],"in":[46,73,134],"such":[47],"way":[49],"that":[50,97,181,186],"changes":[52],"decoded":[58,166],"were":[60],"as":[61,63,96],"small":[62],"possible.":[64],"These":[65],"modifications":[66],"made":[67,81],"numbers":[69],"shares":[75,86,110,137],"close":[76,184],"balanced,":[78],"which":[79],"potentially":[80],"it":[82,169,182],"possible":[83,170],"for":[84],"be":[88],"random.":[90],"true":[92],"randomness":[93,104,107,116],"understood":[95],"data":[99],"pass":[100],"suitably":[102],"designed":[103],"tests.":[105,117],"tested":[112],"NIST":[115],"Part":[118],"tests":[121],"passed":[122],"successfully,":[123],"while":[124],"some":[125],"failed.":[126],"target":[128],"approached,":[139],"but":[140,158],"not":[141],"yet":[142],"reached.":[143],"In":[144],"cryptography,":[146],"decoding":[148],"unarmed":[151],"human":[152],"eye":[153],"is":[154],"primary":[156],"importance,":[157],"besides":[159],"this,":[160],"simple":[161],"numerical":[162],"processing":[163],"makes":[168],"greatly":[172],"improve":[173],"quality":[175],"reconstructed":[178],"image,":[179],"so":[180],"becomes":[183],"dithered":[189],"original":[190],"image.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
