{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3125771089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","title":"A novel framework for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 on computed tomography scans","display_name":"A novel framework for rapid diagnosis of COVID-19 on computed tomography scans","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3125771089","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","mag":"3125771089","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33500681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084968897","display_name":"Tallha Akram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4578-3849"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tallha Akram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019971091","display_name":"Muhammad Attique","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8973-2993"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I29698356","display_name":"HITEC University","ror":"https://ror.org/013d87239","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Attique","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, HITEC University Taxila, Rawalpindi, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, HITEC University Taxila, Rawalpindi, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I29698356"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108654854","display_name":"Salma Gul","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210116838","display_name":"Shifa International Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/02en8ya84","country_code":"PK","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salma Gul","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Radiology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Radiology, Shifa International Hospital, Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210116838"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068034642","display_name":"Aamir Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4480-226X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aamir Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050188183","display_name":"Muhammad Altaf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2010-3907"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Altaf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110740969","display_name":"S. Syed Rameez Naqvi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16076960","display_name":"COMSATS University Islamabad","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqqvk19","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Syed Rameez Naqvi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of EE, COMSATS University Islamabad, Wah Campus, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16076960"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042653526","display_name":"Robertas Dama\u0161evi\u010dius","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-1084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119004910","display_name":"Silesian University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02dyjk442","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robertas Dama\u0161evi\u010dius","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9990-1084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Applied Mathematics, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039508726","display_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2809-2213"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I188730046","display_name":"Vytautas Magnus University","ror":"https://ror.org/04y7eh037","country_code":"LT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I188730046"]}],"countries":["LT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rytis Maskeli\u016bnas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Applied Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Applied Informatics, Vytautas Magnus University, Kaunas, Lithuania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I188730046"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042653526"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119004910"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":10.2721,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":82,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98946775,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"3","first_page":"951","last_page":"964"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6844949722290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.672460675239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6653321981430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.6041924953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"Feature selection","score":0.5717782974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.5184016227722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4418322443962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.414439857006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entropy","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","score":0.41322022676467896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6844949722290039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.672460675239563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6653321981430054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.6041924953460693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5717782974243164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5184016227722168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4418322443962097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.414439857006073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106301342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117933","display_name":"Entropy (arrow of time)","level":2,"score":0.41322022676467896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":7,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:33500681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33500681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern analysis and applications : PAA","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:ktu.edu:elaba:81991244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB81991244&prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"eISSN 1433-755X","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dro.deakin.edu.au:DU:30175480","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://elements.deakin.edu.au/viewobject.html?id=355347&amp;cid=1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402457","display_name":"Deakin Research Online (Deakin University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","host_organization_name":"Deakin University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:elaba:81991244","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://vb.ktu.edu/KTU:ELABAPDB81991244&amp;prefLang=en_US","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922255","display_name":"KTUePubl (Repository of Kaunas University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern analysis and applications, New York : Springer, 2021, vol. 24, iss. 3, p. 951-964","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/20580825","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/A_novel_framework_for_rapid_diagnosis_of_COVID-19_on_computed_tomography_scans/20580825","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:7819829","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7819829","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Anal Appl","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-020-00950-0.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125771089.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W3125771089.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W179179905","https://openalex.org/W1435121199","https://openalex.org/W1605688901","https://openalex.org/W1664251743","https://openalex.org/W2020421316","https://openalex.org/W2049963164","https://openalex.org/W2069816479","https://openalex.org/W2120580182","https://openalex.org/W2125283600","https://openalex.org/W2151973236","https://openalex.org/W2158735718","https://openalex.org/W2559874490","https://openalex.org/W2769793855","https://openalex.org/W2784056588","https://openalex.org/W2794421989","https://openalex.org/W2894029650","https://openalex.org/W2912735087","https://openalex.org/W2944540533","https://openalex.org/W2955825737","https://openalex.org/W2997405307","https://openalex.org/W2998957378","https://openalex.org/W3001897055","https://openalex.org/W3004227146","https://openalex.org/W3006354146","https://openalex.org/W3007170347","https://openalex.org/W3007497549","https://openalex.org/W3009715377","https://openalex.org/W3010381061","https://openalex.org/W3010609078","https://openalex.org/W3011149445","https://openalex.org/W3011810856","https://openalex.org/W3012843799","https://openalex.org/W3013130152","https://openalex.org/W3013507463","https://openalex.org/W3013732976","https://openalex.org/W3016488464","https://openalex.org/W3025394897","https://openalex.org/W3025948831","https://openalex.org/W3037538421","https://openalex.org/W3038920357","https://openalex.org/W3041266228","https://openalex.org/W3047434002","https://openalex.org/W3087000505","https://openalex.org/W3117287302","https://openalex.org/W3162351260","https://openalex.org/W4237183795"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953716828","https://openalex.org/W2904857019","https://openalex.org/W2944728705","https://openalex.org/W3011538607","https://openalex.org/W2904022177","https://openalex.org/W2591697403","https://openalex.org/W4321441197","https://openalex.org/W2359348847","https://openalex.org/W4294432981","https://openalex.org/W4308273529"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"the":[1,24,40,46,87,93,102,125,142,159,174,177,186,194,199],"emergence":[2],"of":[3,6,31,65,75,86,92,150,158,202,217],"COVID-19,":[4,43],"thousands":[5],"people":[7],"undergo":[8],"chest":[9],"X-ray":[10],"and":[11,28,82,97,117,133],"computed":[12,68],"tomography":[13,69],"scan":[14],"for":[15,42,45,62,109,140,156,185],"its":[16],"screening":[17],"on":[18,26,67],"everyday":[19],"basis.":[20],"This":[21,36,145],"has":[22],"increased":[23],"workload":[25],"radiologists,":[27],"a":[29,113,170,210,215],"number":[30],"cases":[32],"are":[33,167,180,207],"in":[34],"backlog.":[35],"is":[37,146],"not":[38],"only":[39],"case":[41],"but":[44],"other":[47],"abnormalities":[48],"needing":[49],"radiological":[50],"diagnosis":[51,64],"as":[52,214],"well.":[53],"In":[54,101,124,173],"this":[55],"work,":[56],"we":[57,106,128],"present":[58],"an":[59,151],"automated":[60],"technique":[61,73],"rapid":[63],"COVID-19":[66],"images.":[70],"The":[71,188,204],"proposed":[72,189],"consists":[74],"four":[76],"primary":[77],"steps:":[78],"(1)":[79],"data":[80,103,108],"collection":[81,104],"normalization,":[83],"(2)":[84],"extraction":[85],"relevant":[88,143],"features,":[89],"(3)":[90],"selection":[91,157],"most":[94],"optimal":[95],"features":[96,161,179],"(4)":[98],"feature":[99,164],"classification.":[100],"step,":[105,127],"collect":[107],"several":[110],"patients":[111],"from":[112,162],"public":[114],"domain":[115],"website,":[116],"perform":[118],"preprocessing,":[119],"which":[120,166],"includes":[121],"image":[122],"resizing.":[123],"successive":[126],"apply":[129],"discrete":[130],"wavelet":[131],"transform":[132],"extended":[134],"segmentation-based":[135],"fractal":[136],"texture":[137],"analysis":[138,213],"methods":[139],"extracting":[141],"features.":[144],"followed":[147],"by":[148,209],"application":[149],"entropy":[152],"controlled":[153],"genetic":[154],"algorithm":[155],"best":[160,178,200],"each":[163],"type,":[165],"combined":[168],"using":[169],"serial":[171],"approach.":[172],"final":[175],"phase,":[176],"subjected":[181],"to":[182],"various":[183],"classifiers":[184],"diagnosis.":[187],"framework,":[190],"when":[191],"augmented":[192],"with":[193],"Naive":[195],"Bayes":[196],"classifier,":[197],"yields":[198],"accuracy":[201],"92.6%.":[203],"simulation":[205],"results":[206],"supported":[208],"detailed":[211],"statistical":[212],"proof":[216],"concept.":[218]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":26},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":33}],"updated_date":"2026-08-01T09:00:35.917206","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
