{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032199117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","title":"The k-NN classifier and self-adaptive Hotelling data reduction technique in handwritten signatures recognition","display_name":"The k-NN classifier and self-adaptive Hotelling data reduction technique in handwritten signatures recognition","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032199117","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","mag":"2032199117"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038733611","display_name":"Piotr Porwik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8989-9478"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162266","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgjym08","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I864159182","display_name":"University of Silesia in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/0104rcc94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Porwik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266","https://openalex.org/I864159182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083664548","display_name":"Rafa\u0142 Doroz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6103-1175"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162266","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgjym08","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I864159182","display_name":"University of Silesia in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/0104rcc94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafal Doroz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266","https://openalex.org/I864159182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078656132","display_name":"Tomasz Orczyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4664-8369"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210162266","display_name":"Institute of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health","ror":"https://ror.org/04mgjym08","country_code":"PL","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I864159182","display_name":"University of Silesia in Katowice","ror":"https://ror.org/0104rcc94","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tomasz Orczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266","https://openalex.org/I864159182"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Computer Science, University of Silesia, Katowice, Sosnowiec, Poland 41-200#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I864159182"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5038733611","https://openalex.org/A5078656132","https://openalex.org/A5083664548"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210162266","https://openalex.org/I864159182"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":4.2765,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94624342,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"4","first_page":"983","last_page":"1001"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9966999888420105,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.994700014591217,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8033117055892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7502230405807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6826398372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6579961180686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature-recognition","display_name":"Signature recognition","score":0.6128091812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signature","display_name":"Signature (topology)","score":0.5963128805160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.5115255117416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4258703291416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.3813410699367523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20985528826713562}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8033117055892944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7502230405807495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6826398372650146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6579961180686951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74370796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15924863","display_name":"Signature recognition","level":3,"score":0.6128091812133789},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779696439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512811","display_name":"Signature (topology)","level":2,"score":0.5963128805160522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.5115255117416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4258703291416168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3813410699367523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20985528826713562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:ac52b7ba-a5b5-4562-8dd1-a1a8d164d013/oai:rebus.us.edu.pl:20.500.12128/12864","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12128/12864","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401249","display_name":"Jagiellonian University Repository (Jagiellonian University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126596746","host_organization_name":"Jagiellonian University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126596746"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10044-014-0419-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032199117.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2032199117.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W155240222","https://openalex.org/W161976518","https://openalex.org/W195533127","https://openalex.org/W196178131","https://openalex.org/W202794677","https://openalex.org/W1491105865","https://openalex.org/W1495297318","https://openalex.org/W1500957182","https://openalex.org/W1517705043","https://openalex.org/W1528113134","https://openalex.org/W1533091947","https://openalex.org/W1542290855","https://openalex.org/W1565746575","https://openalex.org/W1972113353","https://openalex.org/W1977325261","https://openalex.org/W1995945562","https://openalex.org/W2009105260","https://openalex.org/W2012642411","https://openalex.org/W2035582969","https://openalex.org/W2039733887","https://openalex.org/W2061828128","https://openalex.org/W2062711325","https://openalex.org/W2064771454","https://openalex.org/W2083879570","https://openalex.org/W2087291293","https://openalex.org/W2091732902","https://openalex.org/W2094411935","https://openalex.org/W2095571897","https://openalex.org/W2096505476","https://openalex.org/W2101385198","https://openalex.org/W2103333826","https://openalex.org/W2107795090","https://openalex.org/W2112155129","https://openalex.org/W2117489990","https://openalex.org/W2125055259","https://openalex.org/W2126957978","https://openalex.org/W2131991463","https://openalex.org/W2133990480","https://openalex.org/W2141734529","https://openalex.org/W2144994235","https://openalex.org/W2147528194","https://openalex.org/W2149605730","https://openalex.org/W2152471086","https://openalex.org/W2157982465","https://openalex.org/W2158096909","https://openalex.org/W2482573402","https://openalex.org/W2751318774","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W3144037352","https://openalex.org/W4206080774","https://openalex.org/W4230065791","https://openalex.org/W4251572646","https://openalex.org/W4253782120","https://openalex.org/W4255558128","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4298870207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3213304460","https://openalex.org/W2612421037","https://openalex.org/W2110905250","https://openalex.org/W1532125613","https://openalex.org/W2139474808","https://openalex.org/W3109336838","https://openalex.org/W2165059453","https://openalex.org/W2034211627","https://openalex.org/W2091732902","https://openalex.org/W40542382"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,41,73,124,151,170,196],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,34,56,66,85,92,103,131,142,157],"novel":[4],"signature":[5,21,57,68,127,174],"verification":[6,90,139],"concept.":[7],"This":[8,23],"new":[9,27,35],"approach":[10,152,197],"uses":[11],"appropriate":[12],"similarity":[13,38,53],"coefficients":[14,54],"to":[15,55,63,167,190],"evaluate":[16],"the":[17,20,26,31,46,89,120,148,165,179],"associations":[18],"between":[19,39],"features.":[22,150,195],"association,":[24],"called":[25],"composed":[28,128],"feature,":[29],"enables":[30],"calculation":[32],"of":[33,37,45,52,106,126,130,173],"form":[36],"objects.":[40],"most":[42],"important":[43],"advantage":[44],"proposed":[47,153,180,198],"solution":[48],"is":[49,69,182],"case-by-case":[50],"matching":[51],"features,":[58],"which":[59],"can":[60,134,187,199],"be":[61,135,168,188,200],"utilized":[62],"assess":[64],"whether":[65],"given":[67,132],"genuine":[70,96],"or":[71],"forged.":[72],"procedure,":[74],"as":[75,164,192],"described,":[76],"has":[77],"been":[78],"repeated":[79],"for":[80,147],"each":[81],"person":[82,133],"presented":[83],"in":[84,156],"signatures":[86,162],"database.":[87],"In":[88,100],"stage,":[91],"two-class":[93],"classifier":[94],"recognizes":[95],"and":[97,117,184],"forged":[98],"signatures.":[99],"this":[101],"paper,":[102],"broad":[104],"range":[105],"classifiers":[107,111],"are":[108],"evaluated.":[109],"These":[110],"all":[112],"operate":[113],"on":[114],"features":[115,129],"observed":[116],"computed":[118],"during":[119],"data":[121],"preparation":[122],"stage.":[123],"set":[125],"reduced":[136],"what":[137],"decrease":[138],"error.":[140],"Such":[141],"phenomenon":[143],"does":[144],"not":[145],"occur":[146],"raw":[149],"was":[154],"tested":[155],"practical":[158],"environment,":[159],"with":[160],"handwritten":[161],"used":[163],"objects":[166],"compared.":[169],"high":[171],"level":[172],"recognition":[175],"obtained":[176],"confirms":[177],"that":[178,185],"methodology":[181],"efficient":[183],"it":[186],"adapted":[189],"accommodate":[191],"yet":[193],"unknown":[194],"incorporated":[201],"into":[202],"biometric":[203],"systems.":[204]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-06T08:24:18.245995","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}