{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2009141926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","title":"Automatic name extraction from degraded document images","display_name":"Automatic name extraction from degraded document images","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2009141926","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","mag":"2009141926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063346157","display_name":"Laurence Likforman-Sulem","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9096-7239"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laurence Likforman-Sulem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028622531","display_name":"Pascal Vaillant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7416-0048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52585520","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 des Antilles","ror":"https://ror.org/02ryfmr77","country_code":"GP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52585520"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800447973","display_name":"University of French Guiana","ror":"https://ror.org/00nb39k71","country_code":"GF","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800447973"]}],"countries":["FR","GF","GP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pascal Vaillant","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","Universit\u00e9 des Antilles-Guyane, Institut d\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur de Guyane, Cayenne cedex, Guyane fran\u00e7aise","Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 des Antilles-Guyane, Institut d\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur de Guyane, Cayenne cedex, Guyane fran\u00e7aise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800447973","https://openalex.org/I52585520"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010990858","display_name":"Aliette de Bodard de la Jacopi\u00e8re","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12356871","display_name":"T\u00e9l\u00e9com Paris","ror":"https://ror.org/01naq7912","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165912","display_name":"Laboratoire Traitement et Communication de l\u2019Information","ror":"https://ror.org/057er4c39","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I205703379","https://openalex.org/I4210145102","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aliette de Bodard de la Jacopi\u00e8re","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, 46 rue Barrault, 75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ecole Nationale Sup\u00e9rieure des T\u00e9l\u00e9communications/TSI and CNRS-LTCI, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165912","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I12356871"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063346157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12356871","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210165912"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09908646,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2-3","first_page":"211","last_page":"227"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11710","display_name":"Biomedical Text Mining and Ontologies","score":0.9857000112533569,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8290326595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facsimile","display_name":"Facsimile","score":0.6646618843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6617192029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5577500462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5154317617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.5025689601898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.45457810163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.44746077060699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.43156078457832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.07536199688911438}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8290326595306396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778310199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194070","display_name":"Facsimile","level":3,"score":0.6646618843078613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6617192029953003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5577500462532043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5154317617416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5025689601898193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45457810163497925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.44746077060699463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.43156078457832336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.07536199688911438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S45497385","display_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","issn_l":"1433-7541","issn":["1433-7541","1433-755X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.107.4466","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.107.4466","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://tsi.enst.fr/~lauli/Articles/article_paa06.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-00329459v1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-00329459","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Analysis and Applications, 2006, 9 (2-3), pp.211-227. &#x27E8;10.1007/s10044-006-0038-6&#x27E9;","raw_type":"Journal articles"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6700000166893005,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W43677249","https://openalex.org/W1493775511","https://openalex.org/W1520377376","https://openalex.org/W1529712341","https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1569036654","https://openalex.org/W1608292140","https://openalex.org/W1966285711","https://openalex.org/W1984418626","https://openalex.org/W1995387665","https://openalex.org/W1997911821","https://openalex.org/W2015432638","https://openalex.org/W2031175533","https://openalex.org/W2032845127","https://openalex.org/W2045018318","https://openalex.org/W2047419955","https://openalex.org/W2059083866","https://openalex.org/W2059719138","https://openalex.org/W2069361132","https://openalex.org/W2091493471","https://openalex.org/W2094604600","https://openalex.org/W2099426291","https://openalex.org/W2113408422","https://openalex.org/W2132100854","https://openalex.org/W2138835343","https://openalex.org/W2139057240","https://openalex.org/W2145222417","https://openalex.org/W2171622762","https://openalex.org/W4205686602","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W644732769","https://openalex.org/W2013036611","https://openalex.org/W2604315690","https://openalex.org/W2361148114","https://openalex.org/W2161165996","https://openalex.org/W2488857217","https://openalex.org/W4205266410","https://openalex.org/W2326439708","https://openalex.org/W4210657415","https://openalex.org/W4252364083"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
