{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003098539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050019","title":"Cursive word recognition using a random field based hidden Markov model","display_name":"Cursive word recognition using a random field based hidden Markov model","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003098539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050019","mag":"2003098539"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100320050019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079994647","display_name":"George Saon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-6837-5009"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121838","display_name":"Laboratoire Lorrain de Recherche en Informatique et ses Applications","ror":"https://ror.org/02vnf0c38","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210107720","https://openalex.org/I4210121838","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I90183372"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"George Saon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Loria, B\u00e2t Loria, Campus scientifique, BP 239, F-54506 Vand\u0153uvre-L\u00e8s-Nancy, France; e-mail: saon@loria.fr\n, FR","Loria, B\u00e2t Loria, Campus scientifique, BP 239, F-54506 Vand\u0153uvre-L\u00e8s-Nancy, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loria, B\u00e2t Loria, Campus scientifique, BP 239, F-54506 Vand\u0153uvre-L\u00e8s-Nancy, France; e-mail: saon@loria.fr\n, FR","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121838"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Loria, B\u00e2t Loria, Campus scientifique, BP 239, F-54506 Vand\u0153uvre-L\u00e8s-Nancy, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121838"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079994647"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121838"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.5841,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83414153,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"4","first_page":"199","last_page":"208"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9930999875068665,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10201","display_name":"Speech Recognition and Synthesis","score":0.9909999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9779999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.7855838537216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6508545875549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6052646040916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6039101481437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5829684734344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conditional-random-field","display_name":"Conditional random field","score":0.5761339664459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5629329085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-field","display_name":"Markov random field","score":0.5577419996261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-field","display_name":"Random field","score":0.5307030081748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4841943085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.4653777480125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.4476965665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.44473010301589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-recognition","display_name":"Word recognition","score":0.43938812613487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.42566585540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/binary-number","display_name":"Binary number","score":0.4124927222728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3567694425582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2620415985584259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-segmentation","display_name":"Image segmentation","score":0.2444186508655548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.1733846664428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.13278457522392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.10173782706260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.08377113938331604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.7855838537216187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6508545875549316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6052646040916443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6039101481437683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5829684734344482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152565575","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1124538","display_name":"Conditional random field","level":2,"score":0.5761339664459229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5629329085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778045648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176827","display_name":"Markov random field","level":4,"score":0.5577419996261597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130402806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361768","display_name":"Random field","level":2,"score":0.5307030081748962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4841943085193634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.4653777480125427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4476965665817261},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.44473010301589966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150856459","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8034367","display_name":"Word recognition","level":3,"score":0.43938812613487244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.42566585540771484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.4124927222728729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3567694425582886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2620415985584259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.2444186508655548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.1733846664428711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.13278457522392273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10173782706260681},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.08377113938331604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100320050019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050019","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1519918999","https://openalex.org/W1578793604","https://openalex.org/W1968787984","https://openalex.org/W1990917897","https://openalex.org/W2000528559","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2073385196","https://openalex.org/W2075517632","https://openalex.org/W2097770997","https://openalex.org/W2120163503","https://openalex.org/W2136126387","https://openalex.org/W2137027750","https://openalex.org/W2151412822","https://openalex.org/W2155001538","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2126747775","https://openalex.org/W2092834568","https://openalex.org/W2095844239","https://openalex.org/W3158117763","https://openalex.org/W2170079321","https://openalex.org/W987019958","https://openalex.org/W4233015508","https://openalex.org/W2030382593","https://openalex.org/W1983122994","https://openalex.org/W2078379274"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}