{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2071322393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050014","title":"A segmentation-free approach to text recognition with application to Arabic text","display_name":"A segmentation-free approach to text recognition with application to Arabic text","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2071322393","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050014","mag":"2071322393"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100320050014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032830975","display_name":"Badr Al-Badr","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Badr Al-Badr","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Stop FR-35, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA\n, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Stop FR-35, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103500270","display_name":"Robert M. Haralick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert M. Haralick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Stop FR-35, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA\n, , , , , , US"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Mail Stop FR-35, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA\n, , , , , , US","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":46,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1660491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":"3","first_page":"147","last_page":"166"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11550","display_name":"Text and Document Classification Technologies","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.984000027179718,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arabic","display_name":"Arabic","score":0.7302402853965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.6428733468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.634840726852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.6118286848068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-recognition","display_name":"Text recognition","score":0.5875276327133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5550040006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/text-segmentation","display_name":"Text segmentation","score":0.41512829065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.36957281827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33975231647491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.2610348165035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.10873782634735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philosophy","display_name":"Philosophy","score":0.05438363552093506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96455323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13955","display_name":"Arabic","level":2,"score":0.7302402853965759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.6428733468055725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.634840726852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.6118286848068237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983812711","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Text recognition","level":3,"score":0.5875276327133179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5550040006637573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98501671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1948408","display_name":"Text segmentation","level":3,"score":0.41512829065322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.36957281827926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33975231647491455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.2610348165035248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.10873782634735107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.05438363552093506}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s100320050014","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s100320050014","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.466.1654","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.466.1654","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://haralick.org/journals/segmentation_free.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.8899999856948853}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59163008","https://openalex.org/W417891950","https://openalex.org/W1537230999","https://openalex.org/W1986782052","https://openalex.org/W1986831843","https://openalex.org/W1997655481","https://openalex.org/W2015421919","https://openalex.org/W2032899295","https://openalex.org/W2063997600","https://openalex.org/W2070416442","https://openalex.org/W2077299732","https://openalex.org/W2081172325","https://openalex.org/W2097296650","https://openalex.org/W2104206395","https://openalex.org/W2111292523","https://openalex.org/W2117400280","https://openalex.org/W2126630636","https://openalex.org/W2130630423","https://openalex.org/W2131204291","https://openalex.org/W2132624435","https://openalex.org/W2134830684","https://openalex.org/W2145839316","https://openalex.org/W2153792307","https://openalex.org/W2167207203","https://openalex.org/W2167826316","https://openalex.org/W2169786363","https://openalex.org/W2170097255","https://openalex.org/W2170275199"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2172629291","https://openalex.org/W2380773642","https://openalex.org/W2384559435","https://openalex.org/W2337707338","https://openalex.org/W2785359773","https://openalex.org/W2058548953","https://openalex.org/W2362013696","https://openalex.org/W3200911580","https://openalex.org/W19096729","https://openalex.org/W3183010682"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
