{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4416437673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7","title":"InkSynth: recognizing Bengali compound characters with synthesized data and deep fusion networks","display_name":"InkSynth: recognizing Bengali compound characters with synthesized data and deep fusion networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4416437673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090165573","display_name":"Sumit Saha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573289","display_name":"St. Xavier's University Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/008kngs41","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I906608882","display_name":"St Xavier\u2019s College","ror":"https://ror.org/039543c28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sumit Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, St. Xavier\u2019s University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","Computer Science, St. Xavier's University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, St. Xavier\u2019s University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, St. Xavier's University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573289"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113069352","display_name":"Mrinmoyee Bhattacharya","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4400573289","display_name":"St. Xavier's University Kolkata","ror":"https://ror.org/008kngs41","country_code":null,"type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4400573289"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I906608882","display_name":"St Xavier\u2019s College","ror":"https://ror.org/039543c28","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mrinmoyee Bhattacharya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Science, St. Xavier\u2019s University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","Computer Science, St. Xavier's University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, St. Xavier\u2019s University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I906608882"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Science, St. Xavier's University, Action Area III B, New Town, Kolkata, 700 160, West Bengal, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573289"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090165573"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4400573289","https://openalex.org/I906608882"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24344023,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"29","issue":"2","first_page":"413","last_page":"428"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bengali","display_name":"Bengali","score":0.7505000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/training-set","display_name":"Training set","score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual","display_name":"Residual","score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-data","display_name":"Test data","score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residual-neural-network","display_name":"Residual neural network","score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/test-set","display_name":"Test set","score":0.39719998836517334}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19235068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9610","display_name":"Bengali","level":2,"score":0.7505000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7245000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5981000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.5965999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5791000127792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51632099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Training set","level":2,"score":0.46630001068115234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155512373","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287450","display_name":"Residual","level":2,"score":0.4429999887943268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16910744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705759","display_name":"Test data","level":2,"score":0.41589999198913574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2944601119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43744058","display_name":"Residual neural network","level":3,"score":0.40059998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169903167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3985153","display_name":"Test set","level":2,"score":0.39719998836517334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.35569998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.3418999910354614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.3384999930858612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3382999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.33410000801086426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81669768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2359161","display_name":"Precision and recall","level":2,"score":0.3294999897480011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59404180","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17013334","display_name":"Feature learning","level":2,"score":0.31949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30673951","display_name":"Labeled data","level":2,"score":0.3073999881744385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.30709999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.3041999936103821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.28999999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2674912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245423","display_name":"Compound","level":2,"score":0.28600001335144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150899416","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820378","display_name":"Transfer of learning","level":2,"score":0.2797999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148524875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6975395","display_name":"F1 score","level":2,"score":0.27790001034736633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100660578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18733","display_name":"Recall","level":2,"score":0.2754000127315521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160920958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662746","display_name":"Synthetic data","level":2,"score":0.26460000872612}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-025-00561-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W755956977","https://openalex.org/W2785669629","https://openalex.org/W2786760493","https://openalex.org/W2901083258","https://openalex.org/W2901801548","https://openalex.org/W2939765667","https://openalex.org/W2956230918","https://openalex.org/W2979533666","https://openalex.org/W2979811101","https://openalex.org/W3016942546","https://openalex.org/W3020876482","https://openalex.org/W3023566460","https://openalex.org/W3127945299","https://openalex.org/W3139768462","https://openalex.org/W3163533264","https://openalex.org/W3183766727","https://openalex.org/W4213383362","https://openalex.org/W4382811260","https://openalex.org/W4403846868"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-11-20T00:00:00"}