{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1992155449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","title":"Visual word density-based nonlinear shape normalization method for handwritten Chinese character recognition","display_name":"Visual word density-based nonlinear shape normalization method for handwritten Chinese character recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1992155449","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","mag":"1992155449"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017290359","display_name":"Yunxue Shao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8327-7683"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunxue Shao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041494720","display_name":"Chunheng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9589-8284"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chunheng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101410361","display_name":"Baihua Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210094879","display_name":"Shandong Institute of Automation","ror":"https://ror.org/00qdtba35","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I4210142748"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baihua Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, 95 Zhongguancun East Road, Beijing, 100190, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210094879","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Automation Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China 100190#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5041494720"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210094879"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.06927596,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"4","first_page":"387","last_page":"397"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.8169232606887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7652155756950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7543905973434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7539023160934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6876205205917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary","display_name":"Vocabulary","score":0.6530968546867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","score":0.5477815866470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5391702055931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.4878835678100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.48585745692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.4578060805797577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-word-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","score":0.4366138279438019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.4126646816730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.41208022832870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligent-character-recognition","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","score":0.3857634961605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.37543049454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/character-recognition","display_name":"Character recognition","score":0.34135007858276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14657673239707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.059310078620910645}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.8169232606887817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7652155756950378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7543905973434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7539023160934448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6876205205917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.6530968546867371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780861071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062934","display_name":"Character (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5477815866470337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5391702055931091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.4878835678100586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.48585745692253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.4578060805797577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17649283","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044162","display_name":"Intelligent word recognition","level":5,"score":0.4366138279438019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.4126646816730499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.41208022832870483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44868376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3099089","display_name":"Intelligent character recognition","level":4,"score":0.3857634961605072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.37543049454689026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987247673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167555","display_name":"Character recognition","level":3,"score":0.34135007858276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14657673239707947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.059310078620910645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-012-0198-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335639","display_name":"Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1567845006","https://openalex.org/W1579279110","https://openalex.org/W1604031295","https://openalex.org/W1625255723","https://openalex.org/W1797523785","https://openalex.org/W1847550273","https://openalex.org/W1963895093","https://openalex.org/W1967517149","https://openalex.org/W1968677253","https://openalex.org/W1998318956","https://openalex.org/W2002448074","https://openalex.org/W2014986661","https://openalex.org/W2026963498","https://openalex.org/W2040193698","https://openalex.org/W2054875385","https://openalex.org/W2111560940","https://openalex.org/W2112625074","https://openalex.org/W2118601773","https://openalex.org/W2119305530","https://openalex.org/W2132339053","https://openalex.org/W2136549839","https://openalex.org/W2140132917","https://openalex.org/W2147649462","https://openalex.org/W2148330775","https://openalex.org/W2149834450","https://openalex.org/W2152710595","https://openalex.org/W2156338447","https://openalex.org/W2161597143","https://openalex.org/W2186222003"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2218402054","https://openalex.org/W2811459303","https://openalex.org/W2891374022","https://openalex.org/W2576806841","https://openalex.org/W4309724674","https://openalex.org/W2110452885","https://openalex.org/W2099822426","https://openalex.org/W4383503016","https://openalex.org/W2125213899","https://openalex.org/W3022562998"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T15:47:20.252518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
