{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4238410424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8","title":"Word spotting for historical documents","display_name":"Word spotting for historical documents","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-08-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4238410424","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Tony M. Rath","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Tony M. Rath","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval Group Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval Group Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055459215","display_name":"R. Manmatha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval Group Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Multimedia Indexing and Retrieval Group Center for Intelligent Information Retrieval, Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2724,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":320,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97661237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2-4","first_page":"139","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11309","display_name":"Music and Audio Processing","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spotting","display_name":"Spotting","score":0.8827624320983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8038395643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.8038105964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6525999307632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine-indexing","display_name":"Search engine indexing","score":0.6278433799743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.6122584939002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.606428325176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cluster-analysis","display_name":"Cluster analysis","score":0.606201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hidden-markov-model","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","score":0.5495201945304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.4967806935310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hierarchical-clustering","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","score":0.48508110642433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.4507347643375397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.43047839403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word-error-rate","display_name":"Word error rate","score":0.41678690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.3822862505912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3696114718914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linguistics","display_name":"Linguistics","score":0.140264093875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12441390752792358}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779506182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7580141","display_name":"Spotting","level":2,"score":0.8827624320983887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8038395643234253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.8038105964660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6525999307632446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75165309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258979","display_name":"Search engine indexing","level":2,"score":0.6278433799743652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.6122584939002991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.606428325176239},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.606201171875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23224414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176769","display_name":"Hidden Markov model","level":2,"score":0.5495201945304871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.4967806935310364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92835128","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1277447","display_name":"Hierarchical clustering","level":3,"score":0.48508110642433167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4507347643375397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43047839403152466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40969351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3516228","display_name":"Word error rate","level":2,"score":0.41678690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.3822862505912781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3696114718914032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.140264093875885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12441390752792358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10032-006-0027-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S90108747","display_name":"International Journal on Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","issn_l":"1433-2825","issn":["1433-2825","1433-2833"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal of Document Analysis and Recognition (IJDAR)","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309515","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W58346954","https://openalex.org/W1480376833","https://openalex.org/W1501400124","https://openalex.org/W1517590677","https://openalex.org/W1606953891","https://openalex.org/W1660390307","https://openalex.org/W1932188282","https://openalex.org/W1969710448","https://openalex.org/W1974339500","https://openalex.org/W1978715997","https://openalex.org/W1992152861","https://openalex.org/W2017787659","https://openalex.org/W2026207903","https://openalex.org/W2057175746","https://openalex.org/W2092858021","https://openalex.org/W2096497661","https://openalex.org/W2118013826","https://openalex.org/W2134097102","https://openalex.org/W2137089646","https://openalex.org/W2141703053","https://openalex.org/W2141756865","https://openalex.org/W2142069714","https://openalex.org/W2153331812","https://openalex.org/W2156301828","https://openalex.org/W2157588520","https://openalex.org/W2160035137","https://openalex.org/W2162838084","https://openalex.org/W2166346717","https://openalex.org/W2167929403","https://openalex.org/W2171074980","https://openalex.org/W4210727048","https://openalex.org/W4248343126"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2419138286","https://openalex.org/W2507549656","https://openalex.org/W2088615611","https://openalex.org/W2050318184","https://openalex.org/W2182848507","https://openalex.org/W2387825067","https://openalex.org/W2506414444","https://openalex.org/W3009759344","https://openalex.org/W4245698648","https://openalex.org/W2401394187"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":25},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":20}],"updated_date":"2026-04-17T18:11:37.981687","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
