{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406837894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","title":"Reducing the effect of face orientation using FaceMesh landmarks in drowsiness estimation based on facial thermal images","display_name":"Reducing the effect of face orientation using FaceMesh landmarks in drowsiness estimation based on facial thermal images","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406837894","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104439334","display_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","issn_l":"1433-5298","issn":["1433-5298","1614-7456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ayaka Nomura","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131231118","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ayaka Nomura","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110522921","display_name":"Atsushi Yoshida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-1189-5305"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131231118","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Atsushi Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009695505","display_name":"Kent Nagumo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4088-7411"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131231118","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kent Nagumo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062860462","display_name":"Akio Nozawa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8461-6432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I131231118","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akio Nozawa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aoyama Gakuin University, Sagamihara, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I131231118"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.01132827,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"2","first_page":"317","last_page":"324"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11373","display_name":"Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12006","display_name":"Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders","score":0.9514999985694885,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11196","display_name":"Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring","score":0.9289000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.742758572101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.7393515110015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.7319166660308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7308141589164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.7158715128898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.45326635241508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.3626742362976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1674177050590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.06504309177398682}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.742758572101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.7393515110015869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.7319166660308838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7308141589164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.7158715128898621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.45326635241508484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.3626742362976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1674177050590515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.06504309177398682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104439334","display_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","issn_l":"1433-5298","issn":["1433-5298","1614-7456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10015-024-01001-1.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S104439334","display_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","issn_l":"1433-5298","issn":["1433-5298","1614-7456"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Artificial Life and Robotics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322944","display_name":"Aoyama Gakuin University","ror":"https://ror.org/002rw7y37"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406837894.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4406837894.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1495816349","https://openalex.org/W1975640241","https://openalex.org/W2005305331","https://openalex.org/W2076068809","https://openalex.org/W2622391891","https://openalex.org/W2922103016","https://openalex.org/W3205604692","https://openalex.org/W4312093732","https://openalex.org/W4387139731","https://openalex.org/W4392306706"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2576994247","https://openalex.org/W2608353378","https://openalex.org/W4249206767","https://openalex.org/W2563559453","https://openalex.org/W2382330008","https://openalex.org/W1519970947","https://openalex.org/W4243860260","https://openalex.org/W4383503847","https://openalex.org/W2342695897","https://openalex.org/W2216265843"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1,87],"this":[2,159],"study,":[3],"facial":[4,68,79,96,102],"skin":[5],"temperature":[6],"distribution":[7],"(FSTD)":[8],"is":[9,19,72],"focused":[10],"on":[11,36],"as":[12,42],"a":[13,44,57,73,83,153],"new":[14],"driver":[15],"monitoring":[16],"index.":[17],"FSTD":[18,37],"an":[20],"autonomic":[21],"index":[22],"that":[23,75,92,119],"can":[24,53,100],"be":[25,54],"measured":[26],"remotely.":[27],"Studies":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30],"conducted":[31],"to":[32,89,128,138,169],"estimate":[33],"drowsiness":[34,133,162],"based":[35],"using":[38],"modelng":[39],"methods":[40],"such":[41],"CNN,":[43],"type":[45],"of":[46,60,116,132],"deep":[47],"learning,":[48],"and":[49,113,143],"sparse":[50],"modeling,":[51],"which":[52,173],"trained":[55],"with":[56],"small":[58],"amount":[59],"data.":[61,151],"These":[62],"studies,":[63],"however,":[64],"only":[65,94],"evaluated":[66],"front-facing":[67],"thermal":[69],"images.":[70],"FaceMesh":[71,99,137],"model":[74],"extracts":[76],"478":[77],"3D":[78],"feature":[80,97,103],"landmarks":[81,104],"from":[82],"2D":[84],"face":[85,118,177],"image.":[86],"contrast":[88],"conventional":[90],"models":[91],"extract":[93,101],"68":[95],"landmarks,":[98],"for":[105],"the":[106,110,117,122,130,149,155,170],"entire":[107],"face,":[108],"including":[109,145],"cheeks,":[111],"forehead,":[112],"other":[114],"areas":[115],"are":[120],"in":[121,148,158],"blind":[123],"spots.":[124],"This":[125],"study":[126,160],"aims":[127],"improve":[129],"accuracy":[131,164],"estimation":[134,163],"by":[135,165],"applying":[136],"automatically":[139],"detect":[140],"tilted":[141,146],"faces":[142],"not":[144,175],"images":[147],"training":[150],"As":[152],"result,":[154],"method":[156],"proposed":[157],"improved":[161],"about":[166],"6%":[167],"compared":[168],"old":[171],"method,":[172],"did":[174],"take":[176],"orientation":[178],"into":[179],"account.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}