{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7140075673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","title":"Efficiently computable temporal robustness for a practical STL fragment","display_name":"Efficiently computable temporal robustness for a practical STL fragment","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7140075673","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088843055","display_name":"Neha Rino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3273-1954"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neha Rino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011771192","display_name":"Mohammed Foughali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5348-5465"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Foughali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5130401127","display_name":"Florian Renkin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Florian Renkin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022825325","display_name":"Eug\u00e8ne Asarin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7983-2202"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eugene Asarin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9, CNRS, IRIF, F-75013, Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088843055"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2990,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2990},"fwci":8.4058,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96801781,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"1","first_page":"71","last_page":"103"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.916100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.916100025177002,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11125","display_name":"Petri Nets in System Modeling","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.00430000014603138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-of-computation","display_name":"Theory of computation","score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bounded-function","display_name":"Bounded function","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fragment","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temporal-logic","display_name":"Temporal logic","score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extension","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-checking","display_name":"Model checking","score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.34380000829696655}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8547000288963318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.7192000150680542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24858836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844718","display_name":"Theory of computation","level":2,"score":0.6019999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235265","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18392052","display_name":"Fragment (logic)","level":2,"score":0.5235999822616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5202000141143799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25016198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q781833","display_name":"Temporal logic","level":2,"score":0.4726000130176544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.46810001134872437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778029271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421931","display_name":"Extension (predicate logic)","level":2,"score":0.451200008392334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110251889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569697","display_name":"Model checking","level":2,"score":0.4242999851703644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.34049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102392041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q592860","display_name":"Sliding window protocol","level":3,"score":0.337799996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48372109","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3913","display_name":"Binary number","level":2,"score":0.3328999876976013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162319229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175263","display_name":"Data structure","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151319957","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q752739","display_name":"Asynchronous communication","level":2,"score":0.31869998574256897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.29980000853538513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63584917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333286","display_name":"Bounding overwatch","level":2,"score":0.29760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.2939000129699707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.2653999924659729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-026-00852-2.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6876561401","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-18","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320279","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334789","display_name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/00097mb19"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140075673.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7140075673.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1465777884","https://openalex.org/W1484364085","https://openalex.org/W1533557569","https://openalex.org/W1547304883","https://openalex.org/W1574125125","https://openalex.org/W1590804833","https://openalex.org/W1977971680","https://openalex.org/W2049399166","https://openalex.org/W2049696538","https://openalex.org/W2075370603","https://openalex.org/W2084404970","https://openalex.org/W2117706501","https://openalex.org/W2124845674","https://openalex.org/W2127456983","https://openalex.org/W2247994230","https://openalex.org/W2472803348","https://openalex.org/W2888178156","https://openalex.org/W3122171607","https://openalex.org/W4213328889","https://openalex.org/W4286001025","https://openalex.org/W4382364307","https://openalex.org/W4400103370","https://openalex.org/W4417203826"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Quantitative":[1,208],"monitoring":[2],"mitigates":[3],"two":[4],"issues":[5],"observed":[6],"in":[7,171,203,243],"exhaustive,":[8],"qualitative":[9],"verification":[10],"approaches,":[11],"namely":[12],"the":[13,18,35,115,119,188],"state-space":[14,37],"explosion":[15],"problem":[16],"and":[17,38,57,64,118,123,218,247],"rigidity":[19],"of":[20,33,45,112,143,181,191,199,210,220,233,250,257,260],"their":[21],"binary":[22],"verdicts.":[23],"This":[24,194],"is":[25,137,169,196],"achieved":[26],"through":[27],"(i)":[28],"analysing":[29],"individual":[30],"executions":[31,56,125],"instead":[32,44],"building":[34],"whole":[36],"(ii)":[39],"providing":[40],"a":[41,73,88,109,140,151,156,178,244,254],"robustness":[42,76],"measure":[43,77],"yes/no":[46],"answers.":[47],"In":[48,97,183],"this":[49,185],"paper,":[50],"we":[51,92,159,173],"consider":[52],"real-time":[53],"systems":[54],"where":[55],"specifications":[58],"are":[59],"modelled":[60],"as":[61,147],"timed":[62,95],"signals":[63],"Signal":[65],"Temporal":[66],"Logic":[67],"(STL)":[68],"formulae,":[69],"respectively.":[70],"We":[71],"propose":[72],"new":[74,89],"temporal":[75],"$\\delta":[78,102,131,163,237],"$":[79,103,132,164,238],"<mml:math":[80,104,133,165,239],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\">":[81,105,134,166,240],"<mml:mi>\u03b4</mml:mi>":[82,106,135,167,241],"</mml:math>":[83,107,136,168,242],"for":[84,139,177,263],"STL,":[85],"based":[86],"on":[87,207,215,253],"distance":[90],"that":[91,161],"define":[93],"over":[94],"signals.":[96],"contrast":[98],"with":[99],"existing":[100],"measures,":[101],"provides":[108],"precise":[110],"quantification":[111],"distances":[113],"between":[114],"monitored":[116],"signal":[117],"boundary":[120],"separating":[121],"faulty":[122],"non-faulty":[124],"w.r.t.":[126],"an":[127,197,248],"STL":[128],"property.":[129],"Thus,":[130],"suitable":[138],"wide":[141],"range":[142],"real-life":[144],"perturbations,":[145],"such":[146],"those":[148],"affecting":[149],"exclusively":[150],"particular":[152],"time":[153],"window":[154],"within":[155],"signal.":[157],"Though":[158],"prove":[160],"computing":[162],"NP-hard":[170],"general,":[172],"provide":[174],"efficient":[175],"algorithms":[176,234],"practical":[179],"fragment":[180,186],"STL.":[182],"particular,":[184],"includes":[187,231],"key":[189],"property":[190],"bounded":[192],"response.":[193],"paper":[195],"extension":[198,230],"(Rino":[200],"et":[201],"al.":[202],"Joint":[204],"International":[205,213],"Conference":[206,214],"Evaluation":[209],"SysTems":[211],"&amp;":[212],"Formal":[216],"Modeling":[217],"Analysis":[219],"Timed":[221],"Systems":[222],"(QEST+FORMATS),":[223],"2024),":[224],"published":[225],"at":[226],"QEST+FORMATS":[227],"2024.":[228],"The":[229],"implementation":[232],"to":[235],"compute":[236],"prototype":[245],"tool,":[246],"evaluation":[249],"our":[251],"approach":[252],"case":[255],"study":[256],"quality":[258],"assessment":[259],"insulin":[261],"controllers":[262],"diabetic":[264],"patients.":[265]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-23T08:03:31.855105","created_date":"2026-03-24T00:00:00"}