{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381542600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","title":"Forest GUMP: a tool for verification and explanation","display_name":"Forest GUMP: a tool for verification and explanation","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381542600","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024644413","display_name":"Alnis Murtovi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alnis Murtovi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063210119","display_name":"Alexander Bainczyk","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Bainczyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049144085","display_name":"Gerrit Nolte","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gerrit Nolte","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052520033","display_name":"Maximilian Schl\u00fcter","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maximilian Schl\u00fcter","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078808456","display_name":"Bernhard Steffen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9619-1558"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bernhard Steffen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dortmund, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024644413"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":1.8942,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88385908,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"3","first_page":"287","last_page":"299"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11303","display_name":"Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.9919000267982483,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14351","display_name":"Statistical and Computational Modeling","score":0.9768000245094299,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7712282538414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5678048729896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/merge","display_name":"Merge (version control)","score":0.5149665474891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intuition","display_name":"Intuition","score":0.5103446841239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","score":0.44306710362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.43510884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.42017948627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3348022401332855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.17471837997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17197659611701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.12680885195732117}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7712282538414001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5678048729896545},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197129107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1921621","display_name":"Merge (version control)","level":2,"score":0.5149665474891663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132010649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189222","display_name":"Intuition","level":2,"score":0.5103446841239929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.44306710362434387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.43510884046554565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.42017948627471924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3348022401332855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.17471837997436523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17197659611701965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.12680885195732117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10009-023-00702-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S122567160","display_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","issn_l":"1433-2779","issn":["1433-2779","1433-2787"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Journal on Software Tools for Technology Transfer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7599999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life in Land"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329559","display_name":"Technische Universit\u00e4t Dortmund","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4381542600.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":30,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1570448133","https://openalex.org/W1930624869","https://openalex.org/W1994143452","https://openalex.org/W2001619934","https://openalex.org/W2002579649","https://openalex.org/W2080267935","https://openalex.org/W2099251677","https://openalex.org/W2134845864","https://openalex.org/W2149033360","https://openalex.org/W2282821441","https://openalex.org/W2544647789","https://openalex.org/W2754472824","https://openalex.org/W2898478450","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2914920135","https://openalex.org/W2942347321","https://openalex.org/W2962772482","https://openalex.org/W2963292722","https://openalex.org/W2963793947","https://openalex.org/W2978187656","https://openalex.org/W3045990532","https://openalex.org/W3203751129","https://openalex.org/W4200316166","https://openalex.org/W4236137412","https://openalex.org/W4246239274","https://openalex.org/W4312908427","https://openalex.org/W4366726364","https://openalex.org/W4381569138","https://openalex.org/W6738847827","https://openalex.org/W6968976906"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2369673098","https://openalex.org/W2386315983","https://openalex.org/W2158198137","https://openalex.org/W2150276710","https://openalex.org/W4386495954","https://openalex.org/W2240965754","https://openalex.org/W2035576053","https://openalex.org/W2064552575","https://openalex.org/W4323021782","https://openalex.org/W2363093505"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2],"paper,":[3],"we":[4],"present":[5],"Forest":[6,29,77,102,155],"GUMP":[7,30,103,156],"(for":[8],"Generalized,":[9],"Unifying":[10],"Merge":[11],"Process)":[12],"a":[13,75,79],"tool":[14],"for":[15],"verification":[16,25],"and":[17,26,41,97,117,143,166],"precise":[18,53],"explanation":[19,40,43],"of":[20,35,55,74,87,101,131,137,140],"Random":[21,76,141],"forests.":[22],"Besides":[23],"pre/post-condition-based":[24],"equivalence":[27],"checking,":[28],"also":[31,136],"supports":[32],"three":[33],"concepts":[34],"explanation,":[36],"the":[37,52,72,95,99,115,118,127,132,138,144,175],"well-known":[38],"model":[39],"outcome":[42],",":[44,50],"as":[45,47],"well":[46],"class":[48],"characterization":[49,54],"i.e.,":[51,71],"all":[56,160],"samples":[57],"that":[58,171],"are":[59],"equally":[60],"classified.":[61],"Key":[62],"technology":[63],"to":[64,125,149],"achieve":[65],"these":[66],"results":[67],"is":[68,157,172],"algebraic":[69],"aggregation,":[70],"transformation":[73],"into":[78],"semantically":[80],"equivalent,":[81],"concise":[82],"white-box":[83],"representation":[84],"in":[85,174],"terms":[86],"Algebraic":[88],"Decision":[89],"Diagrams":[90],"(ADDs).":[91],"The":[92],"paper":[93],"sketches":[94],"method":[96],"demonstrates":[98],"use":[100],"along":[104],"illustrative":[105],"examples.":[106],"This":[107],"way":[108,119],"readers":[109],"should":[110,122],"acquire":[111],"an":[112],"intuition":[113],"about":[114],"tool,":[116],"how":[120],"it":[121],"be":[123,163],"used":[124],"increase":[126],"understanding":[128],"not":[129],"only":[130],"considered":[133],"dataset,":[134],"but":[135],"character":[139],"Forests":[142],"ADD":[145],"technology,":[146],"here":[147],"enriched":[148],"comprise":[150],"infeasible":[151],"path":[152],"elimination.":[153],"As":[154],"publicly":[158],"available":[159,173],"experiments":[161],"can":[162],"reproduced,":[164],"modified,":[165],"complemented":[167],"using":[168],"any":[169],"dataset":[170],"ARFF":[176],"format.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-14T08:04:32.555800","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}