{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2031321758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s007800050067","title":"A theory of bonus in life insurance","display_name":"A theory of bonus in life insurance","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2031321758","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s007800050067","mag":"2031321758"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s007800050067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s007800050067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172526255","display_name":"Finance and Stochastics","issn_l":"0949-2984","issn":["0949-2984","1432-1122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance and Stochastics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008688930","display_name":"Ragnar Norberg","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124055696","display_name":"University of Copenhagen","ror":"https://ror.org/035b05819","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ragnar Norberg","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Actuarial Mathematics, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark (e-mail: ragnar@math.ku.dk)\n, , , , , , DK","Laboratory of Actuarial Mathematics, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark (e-mail: ragnar@math.ku.dk) , DK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Actuarial Mathematics, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark (e-mail: ragnar@math.ku.dk)\n, , , , , , DK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Actuarial Mathematics, Universitetsparken 5, DK-2100 Copenhagen \u00d8, Denmark (e-mail: ragnar@math.ku.dk) , DK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008688930"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124055696"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.4682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":64,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95545977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"373","last_page":"390"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.9929999709129333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12394","display_name":"Insurance and Financial Risk Management","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10067","display_name":"Stochastic processes and financial applications","score":0.9104999899864197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-finance","display_name":"Mathematical finance","score":0.8117390871047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/actuarial-science","display_name":"Actuarial science","score":0.7144790291786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/life-insurance","display_name":"Life insurance","score":0.5745351314544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","score":0.5716850757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5693992972373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economics","display_name":"Economics","score":0.544152557849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-economics","display_name":"Mathematical economics","score":0.45012804865837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/basis-risk","display_name":"Basis risk","score":0.42669156193733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3231777548789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/econometrics","display_name":"Econometrics","score":0.3129434585571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-economics","display_name":"Financial economics","score":0.27665215730667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.26513803005218506}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93373587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q335632","display_name":"Mathematical finance","level":2,"score":0.8117390871047974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162118730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1128453","display_name":"Actuarial science","level":1,"score":0.7144790291786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020299011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q626608","display_name":"Life insurance","level":2,"score":0.5745351314544678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12426560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189569","display_name":"Basis (linear algebra)","level":2,"score":0.5716850757598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5693992972373962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.544152557849884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.45012804865837097},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169029255","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4867577","display_name":"Basis risk","level":3,"score":0.42669156193733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3231777548789978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.3129434585571289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.27665215730667114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.26513803005218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181236170","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q848354","display_name":"Capital asset pricing model","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s007800050067","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s007800050067","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S172526255","display_name":"Finance and Stochastics","issn_l":"0949-2984","issn":["0949-2984","1432-1122"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Finance and Stochastics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1976996435","https://openalex.org/W2036724156","https://openalex.org/W2073209053"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4234445916","https://openalex.org/W4253275321","https://openalex.org/W4247818724","https://openalex.org/W4200249462","https://openalex.org/W4250711696","https://openalex.org/W2095450577","https://openalex.org/W4206020882","https://openalex.org/W2151042466","https://openalex.org/W3122846475","https://openalex.org/W2240612422"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}