{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1988308201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","title":"TiQi: answering unstructured natural language trace queries","display_name":"TiQi: answering unstructured natural language trace queries","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1988308201","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","mag":"1988308201"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207090427","display_name":"Requirements Engineering","issn_l":"0947-3602","issn":["0947-3602","1432-010X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Requirements Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019818868","display_name":"Piotr Pruski","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Piotr Pruski","raw_affiliation_strings":["DePaul University, Chicago, USA","DePaul University (Chicago, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University (Chicago, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048108949","display_name":"Sugandha Lohar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sugandha Lohar","raw_affiliation_strings":["DePaul University, Chicago, USA","DePaul University (Chicago, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University (Chicago, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054839323","display_name":"William Goss","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William Goss","raw_affiliation_strings":["DePaul University, Chicago, USA","DePaul University (Chicago, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University (Chicago, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007690835","display_name":"Alexander Rasin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7282-5763"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander Rasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["DePaul University, Chicago, USA","DePaul University (Chicago, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University (Chicago, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037363688","display_name":"Jane Cleland\u2010Huang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9436-5606"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I118353179","display_name":"DePaul University","ror":"https://ror.org/04xtx5t16","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jane Cleland-Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["DePaul University, Chicago, USA","DePaul University (Chicago, USA)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University, Chicago, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"DePaul University (Chicago, USA)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019818868"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I118353179"],"apc_list":{"value":2190,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2780},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9751,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95137981,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"3","first_page":"215","last_page":"232"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11719","display_name":"Data Quality and Management","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10679","display_name":"Service-Oriented Architecture and Web Services","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8613178730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trace","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","score":0.644824206829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sql","display_name":"SQL","score":0.5812764167785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-language","display_name":"Query language","score":0.5748269557952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.556694507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rdf-query-language","display_name":"RDF query language","score":0.5519424080848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-optimization","display_name":"Query optimization","score":0.5152028203010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/query-by-example","display_name":"Query by Example","score":0.48237624764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4555342197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sargable","display_name":"Sargable","score":0.4131409227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.38068947196006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-search-query","display_name":"Web search query","score":0.3172271251678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-query-classification","display_name":"Web query classification","score":0.3094097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.22275856137275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.07570677995681763}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8613178730010986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75291252","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1315756","display_name":"TRACE (psycholinguistics)","level":2,"score":0.644824206829071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C510870499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47607","display_name":"SQL","level":2,"score":0.5812764167785645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192028432","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q845739","display_name":"Query language","level":2,"score":0.5748269557952881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.556694507598877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96956885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6138701","display_name":"RDF query language","level":5,"score":0.5519424080848694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157692150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2919848","display_name":"Query optimization","level":2,"score":0.5152028203010559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194222762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q114486","display_name":"Query by Example","level":4,"score":0.48237624764442444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4555342197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192939062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104840822","display_name":"Sargable","level":4,"score":0.4131409227848053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.38068947196006775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164120249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q995982","display_name":"Web search query","level":3,"score":0.3172271251678467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118689300","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7978614","display_name":"Web query classification","level":4,"score":0.3094097375869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.22275856137275696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.07570677995681763},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00766-015-0224-4","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207090427","display_name":"Requirements Engineering","issn_l":"0947-3602","issn":["0947-3602","1432-010X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Requirements Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.6399999856948853,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":41,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W59669386","https://openalex.org/W69084629","https://openalex.org/W73629738","https://openalex.org/W156598947","https://openalex.org/W1497040040","https://openalex.org/W1568345502","https://openalex.org/W1656916165","https://openalex.org/W1970663544","https://openalex.org/W1989445642","https://openalex.org/W1992515479","https://openalex.org/W2005569040","https://openalex.org/W2006549640","https://openalex.org/W2013915010","https://openalex.org/W2029291614","https://openalex.org/W2032533790","https://openalex.org/W2060756319","https://openalex.org/W2075036374","https://openalex.org/W2077207253","https://openalex.org/W2085421499","https://openalex.org/W2085529678","https://openalex.org/W2101244331","https://openalex.org/W2103699027","https://openalex.org/W2104994910","https://openalex.org/W2112999860","https://openalex.org/W2123253300","https://openalex.org/W2129559874","https://openalex.org/W2149440901","https://openalex.org/W2154268919","https://openalex.org/W2165906863","https://openalex.org/W2171144693","https://openalex.org/W2172083664","https://openalex.org/W2243325463","https://openalex.org/W2250263931","https://openalex.org/W2406906128","https://openalex.org/W2537943946","https://openalex.org/W2612017095","https://openalex.org/W2752885492","https://openalex.org/W2973518926","https://openalex.org/W3125545815","https://openalex.org/W4234633868","https://openalex.org/W4236772736"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2096359267","https://openalex.org/W319014924","https://openalex.org/W1548279772","https://openalex.org/W2392799717","https://openalex.org/W2572349046","https://openalex.org/W3125756434","https://openalex.org/W2970853428","https://openalex.org/W2353434938","https://openalex.org/W2128834514","https://openalex.org/W1986870264"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}