{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7152390669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","title":"A lightweight AI system for real-time elderly fall detection","display_name":"A lightweight AI system for real-time elderly fall detection","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7152390669","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087228635","display_name":"Moustafa Fayad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9509-4681"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90843659","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de franche-comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03pcc9z86","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90843659"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moustafa Fayad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 25030, Besan\u00e7on, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 25030, Besan\u00e7on, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90843659"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053213988","display_name":"Mohammed Amine Merzoug","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5316-6456"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162489102","display_name":"University of Batna 1","ror":"https://ror.org/04hrbe508","country_code":"DZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}],"countries":["DZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammed Amine Merzoug","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Batna 2, 05078, Batna, Algeria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Batna 2, 05078, Batna, Algeria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162489102"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070464735","display_name":"Ahmed Mostefaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8863-4080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I37553959","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de technologie de belfort-montb\u00e9liard","ror":"https://ror.org/05bn3m307","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Mostefaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 90000, Belfort, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 90000, Belfort, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I37553959"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075830877","display_name":"Ernesto Damiani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9557-6496"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","display_name":"University of Milan","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ernesto Damiani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano, 20133, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122006312","display_name":"Gabriele Gianini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","display_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriele Gianini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 20126, Milan, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050042238","display_name":"R\u00e9da Yahiaoui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4178-0432"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I90843659","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 de franche-comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/03pcc9z86","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I90843659"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R\u00e9da Yahiaoui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 25030, Besan\u00e7on, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 Marie et Louis Pasteur, 25030, Besan\u00e7on, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I90843659"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5122006312"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"apc_list":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":{"value":2290,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2890},"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.57660863,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"108","issue":"4","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.77920001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10444","display_name":"Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems","score":0.77920001745224,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10812","display_name":"Human Pose and Action Recognition","score":0.02500000037252903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10114","display_name":"Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3612","display_name":"Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.651199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heuristics","display_name":"Heuristics","score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-system","display_name":"Healthcare system","score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care","display_name":"Health care","score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.3885999917984009}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7067000269889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.6523000001907349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.651199996471405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127705205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5748245","display_name":"Heuristics","level":2,"score":0.6115000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5297999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5033000111579895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988170871","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11000047","display_name":"Healthcare system","level":3,"score":0.4178999960422516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.413100004196167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.40070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3885999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162984825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339072","display_name":"Database normalization","level":3,"score":0.38260000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.376800000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.3508000075817108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778827112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22245680","display_name":"Feature engineering","level":3,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.2989000082015991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123657996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12271","display_name":"Architecture","level":2,"score":0.296099990606308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50897621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2665508","display_name":"Hybrid system","level":2,"score":0.2671000063419342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776516907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5432181","display_name":"Fall prevention","level":4,"score":0.2556999921798706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.2547000050544739},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:air.unimi.it:2434/1233999","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2434/1233999","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400516","display_name":"Archivio Istituzionale della Ricerca (Universita Degli Studi Di Milano)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I189158943","host_organization_name":"University of Milan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:boa.unimib.it:10281/602081","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10281/602081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401259","display_name":"BOA (University of Milano-Bicocca)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I66752286","host_organization_name":"University of Milano-Bicocca","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I66752286"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00607-026-01651-y.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320313475","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano","ror":"https://ror.org/00wjc7c48"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321610","display_name":"Universit\u00e0 degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca","ror":"https://ror.org/01ynf4891"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7152390669.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W7152390669.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":43,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1511361458","https://openalex.org/W2023688148","https://openalex.org/W2035675395","https://openalex.org/W2035866593","https://openalex.org/W2074099390","https://openalex.org/W2100716893","https://openalex.org/W2146291834","https://openalex.org/W2155326828","https://openalex.org/W2193145675","https://openalex.org/W2482368507","https://openalex.org/W2518851211","https://openalex.org/W2543632018","https://openalex.org/W2560103205","https://openalex.org/W2620660176","https://openalex.org/W2739677392","https://openalex.org/W2778227677","https://openalex.org/W2927117501","https://openalex.org/W2941398656","https://openalex.org/W2963163009","https://openalex.org/W2990845522","https://openalex.org/W2990954032","https://openalex.org/W2991134484","https://openalex.org/W3009045490","https://openalex.org/W3021414116","https://openalex.org/W3042124509","https://openalex.org/W3045004532","https://openalex.org/W3080554130","https://openalex.org/W3090781816","https://openalex.org/W3109733158","https://openalex.org/W3156714642","https://openalex.org/W3167787205","https://openalex.org/W3174573387","https://openalex.org/W3179950556","https://openalex.org/W3191950921","https://openalex.org/W4214934658","https://openalex.org/W4306763767","https://openalex.org/W4310350092","https://openalex.org/W4372266868","https://openalex.org/W4386814496","https://openalex.org/W4391452886","https://openalex.org/W4399485220","https://openalex.org/W4410583960","https://openalex.org/W4411206759"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Elderly":[1],"fall":[2,61,166],"detection":[3,62],"is":[4,92,170],"a":[5,58,71,77,93,138,153],"critical":[6],"healthcare":[7,177],"challenge":[8],"that":[9,64,83,114,156],"demands":[10],"accurate,":[11],"reliable,":[12],"and":[13,35,68,119,129,173],"real-time":[14,165],"solutions":[15],"suitable":[16],"for":[17,164,175],"deployment":[18],"in":[19,32,70,126],"sensitive":[20],"environments,":[21],"such":[22],"as":[23],"nursing":[24],"homes.":[25],"Although":[26],"significant":[27],"advances":[28],"have":[29],"been":[30,66],"made":[31],"sensing":[33],"technologies":[34],"machine":[36],"learning,":[37],"the":[38,90,97,104,146],"role":[39],"of":[40,80,99,106,140],"data":[41],"preprocessing,":[42],"particularly":[43,117],"feature":[44],"normalization,":[45,116,121],"remains":[46],"underexplored,":[47],"despite":[48],"its":[49],"substantial":[50,124],"impact":[51],"on":[52,103,143],"model":[53],"performance.":[54],"This":[55],"paper":[56],"presents":[57],"lightweight":[59],"vision-based":[60],"system":[63,148,169],"has":[65],"deployed":[67],"evaluated":[69],"real-world":[72,176],"elderly":[73],"care":[74],"facility,":[75],"addressing":[76],"key":[78],"limitation":[79],"previous":[81],"work":[82],"often":[84],"lacks":[85],"real-life":[86],"validation.":[87],"Central":[88],"to":[89,123],"approach":[91],"systematic":[94],"investigation":[95],"into":[96,152],"effect":[98],"eight":[100],"normalization":[101,151],"techniques":[102],"performance":[105],"four":[107],"representative":[108],"classification":[109,127],"models.":[110],"The":[111,168],"results":[112],"show":[113],"appropriate":[115],"Min\u2013Max":[118],"Z-score":[120],"leads":[122],"improvements":[125],"accuracy":[128],"F1":[130],"score,":[131],"while":[132],"also":[133],"reducing":[134],"training":[135],"time":[136],"by":[137],"factor":[139],"45.":[141],"Based":[142],"these":[144],"findings,":[145],"proposed":[147],"incorporates":[149],"min\u2013max":[150],"hybrid":[154],"architecture":[155],"combines":[157],"SSD":[158],"MobileNet":[159],"V2":[160],"with":[161],"geometric":[162],"heuristics":[163],"detection.":[167],"privacy-aware,":[171],"non-intrusive,":[172],"practical":[174],"deployment.":[178],"Graphical":[179],"abstract":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-27T09:02:27.158192","created_date":"2026-04-10T00:00:00"}