{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2075726856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","title":"Constructing n-gram rules for natural language models through exploring the limitation of the Zipf\u2013Mandelbrot law","display_name":"Constructing n-gram rules for natural language models through exploring the limitation of the Zipf\u2013Mandelbrot law","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2075726856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","mag":"2075726856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071050392","display_name":"Harry Chang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1283103587","display_name":"AT&T (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02bbd5539","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Harry M. Chang","raw_affiliation_strings":["AT&T Labs-Research, 9505 Arboretum Blvd, Austin, TX, 78759, USA","AT&T Labs-Research, 9505 Arboretum Blvd, 78759, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs-Research, 9505 Arboretum Blvd, Austin, TX, 78759, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"AT&T Labs-Research, 9505 Arboretum Blvd, 78759, Austin, TX, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5071050392"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1283103587"],"apc_list":{"value":2890,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2890},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4499,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64006123,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"91","issue":"3","first_page":"241","last_page":"264"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10064","display_name":"Complex Network Analysis Techniques","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12592","display_name":"Opinion Dynamics and Social Influence","score":0.9922999739646912,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3109","display_name":"Statistical and Nonlinear Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9815000295639038,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zipfs-law","display_name":"Zipf's law","score":0.960901141166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mandelbrot-set","display_name":"Mandelbrot set","score":0.789824366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6416598558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/n-gram","display_name":"n-gram","score":0.6092311143875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5390933752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4445610046386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.4405616521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language","display_name":"Natural language","score":0.4362505078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.38374796509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.35339900851249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22673597931861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fractal","display_name":"Fractal","score":0.2042417824268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1606345772743225}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125932096","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205472","display_name":"Zipf's law","level":2,"score":0.960901141166687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97519476","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q257","display_name":"Mandelbrot set","level":3,"score":0.789824366569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6416598558425903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117884012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94489","display_name":"n-gram","level":3,"score":0.6092311143875122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5390933752059937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4445610046386719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.4405616521835327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195324797","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33742","display_name":"Natural language","level":2,"score":0.4362505078315735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.38374796509742737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.35339900851249695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22673597931861877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81392","display_name":"Fractal","level":2,"score":0.2042417824268341},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1606345772743225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00607-010-0116-x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S35593046","display_name":"Computing","issn_l":"0010-485X","issn":["0010-485X","1436-5057"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W980098650","https://openalex.org/W1518540828","https://openalex.org/W1967712865","https://openalex.org/W1970571335","https://openalex.org/W1976161500","https://openalex.org/W2024490156","https://openalex.org/W2036671379","https://openalex.org/W2037139563","https://openalex.org/W2041258965","https://openalex.org/W2060603187","https://openalex.org/W2062021443","https://openalex.org/W2062694923","https://openalex.org/W2098565867","https://openalex.org/W2106317195","https://openalex.org/W2150835555","https://openalex.org/W2158580184","https://openalex.org/W2160943512","https://openalex.org/W2161756014","https://openalex.org/W2314566165","https://openalex.org/W2321470647","https://openalex.org/W2334424438","https://openalex.org/W2554866957","https://openalex.org/W2963445511","https://openalex.org/W4211261461","https://openalex.org/W4238342012","https://openalex.org/W4296300796"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942703316","https://openalex.org/W3131725834","https://openalex.org/W2390225717","https://openalex.org/W2096954165","https://openalex.org/W2742167956","https://openalex.org/W1596958800","https://openalex.org/W3128733182","https://openalex.org/W2079488974","https://openalex.org/W2766680529","https://openalex.org/W4297823130"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-05T07:39:15.569665","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}