{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2024808885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005210050026","title":"Gaussian Mixture Models and Probabilistic Decision-Based Neural Networks for Pattern Classification: A Comparative Study","display_name":"Gaussian Mixture Models and Probabilistic Decision-Based Neural Networks for Pattern Classification: A Comparative Study","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2024808885","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005210050026","mag":"2024808885"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s005210050026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005210050026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080468416","display_name":"Ka Fai Cedric Yiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7523-4069"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"K. K. Yiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068768998","display_name":"Man\u2010Wai Mak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8854-3760"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. W. Mak","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016659840","display_name":"C. K. Li","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I14243506","display_name":"Hong Kong Polytechnic University","ror":"https://ror.org/0030zas98","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. K. Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong, HK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Department of Electronic and Information Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Hong Kong]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080468416"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I14243506"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5195,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74958179,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"8","issue":"3","first_page":"235","last_page":"245"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11901","display_name":"Bayesian Methods and Mixture Models","score":0.9890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12814","display_name":"Gaussian Processes and Bayesian Inference","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6996301412582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mixture-model","display_name":"Mixture model","score":0.6584131717681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.613495945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6059507131576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.5721025466918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thresholding","display_name":"Thresholding","score":0.5689423680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-logic","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","score":0.5301277041435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.49705198407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.4343666434288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diagonal","display_name":"Diagonal","score":0.42023012042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.413136750459671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3306351900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31435632705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.23094990849494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1030934751033783}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6996301412582397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61224824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2260434","display_name":"Mixture model","level":2,"score":0.6584131717681885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.613495945930481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6059507131576538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.5721025466918945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191178318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2256906","display_name":"Thresholding","level":3,"score":0.5689423680305481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5301277041435242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.49705198407173157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.4858498275279999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.4343666434288025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130367717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189791","display_name":"Diagonal","level":2,"score":0.42023012042045593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.413136750459671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3306351900100708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31435632705688477},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.23094990849494934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1030934751033783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s005210050026","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s005210050026","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing & Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.42.3686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.3686","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.enx.polyu.edu.hk/ckli/publication/pdbnn.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.50.1543","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.50.1543","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.en.polyu.edu.hk/~mwmak/papers/pdbnn.ps","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1554663460","https://openalex.org/W1576891459","https://openalex.org/W1694589023","https://openalex.org/W1964168965","https://openalex.org/W1980501707","https://openalex.org/W1992402718","https://openalex.org/W2004075725","https://openalex.org/W2044177223","https://openalex.org/W2049633694","https://openalex.org/W2083121989","https://openalex.org/W2102897151","https://openalex.org/W2109919255","https://openalex.org/W2138238457","https://openalex.org/W2141278204","https://openalex.org/W2159540571","https://openalex.org/W2165047624","https://openalex.org/W3017143921"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2953058328","https://openalex.org/W1542224353","https://openalex.org/W1661087619","https://openalex.org/W2750730210","https://openalex.org/W2116854923","https://openalex.org/W2236974868","https://openalex.org/W2886934452","https://openalex.org/W1489099099","https://openalex.org/W2024369332","https://openalex.org/W1974955043"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}