{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7160250119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8","title":"Ensemble-based decision support for X-ray threat detection: a review and hybrid MCDM framework under uncertainty","display_name":"Ensemble-based decision support for X-ray threat detection: a review and hybrid MCDM framework under uncertainty","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7160250119","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061095550","display_name":"E. M. Almahdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8948-4044"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Esam Motashar Aday Almahdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8948-4044","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102426351","display_name":"Soong Der Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Soong Der Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5135356344","display_name":"Mohd Hazli Mohamed Zabil","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79156528","display_name":"Universiti Tenaga Nasional","ror":"https://ror.org/03kxdn807","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79156528","https://openalex.org/I874769580"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Hazli Mohamed Zabil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computing, College of Computing and Informatics, Universiti Tenaga National, 43000, Kajang, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061095550"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79156528"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93062316,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"10","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.6157000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11775","display_name":"COVID-19 diagnosis using AI","score":0.03519999980926514,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12026","display_name":"Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI)","score":0.016100000590085983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiple-criteria-decision-analysis","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","score":0.7842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmarking","display_name":"Benchmarking","score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weighting","display_name":"Weighting","score":0.6651999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topsis","display_name":"TOPSIS","score":0.6075000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-support-system","display_name":"Decision support system","score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consistency","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-comparison","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","score":0.4269999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11105738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1895805","display_name":"Multiple-criteria decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.7842000126838684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7085999846458435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86251818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816754","display_name":"Benchmarking","level":2,"score":0.6958000063896179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183115368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q856577","display_name":"Weighting","level":2,"score":0.6651999950408936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.6565999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51566761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1235853","display_name":"TOPSIS","level":2,"score":0.6075000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5164999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4693000018596649},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107327155","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q330268","display_name":"Decision support system","level":2,"score":0.45320001244544983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776436953","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5163215","display_name":"Consistency (knowledge bases)","level":2,"score":0.45080000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184898388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1435712","display_name":"Pairwise comparison","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q224821","display_name":"Fuzzy logic","level":2,"score":0.4083000123500824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.4050000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.3926999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.36000001430511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89591040","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779030","display_name":"Ideal solution","level":2,"score":0.35199999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C539667460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2414942","display_name":"Management science","level":1,"score":0.3321000039577484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197947376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5155608","display_name":"Comparability","level":2,"score":0.3107999861240387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64734493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5608296","display_name":"Grey relational analysis","level":2,"score":0.299699991941452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25343380","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q277521","display_name":"Relation (database)","level":2,"score":0.29030001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C174348530","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188635","display_name":"Bridging (networking)","level":2,"score":0.28760001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139502532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122090","display_name":"Computational intelligence","level":2,"score":0.25870001316070557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81917197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q628760","display_name":"Selection (genetic algorithm)","level":2,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.25450000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.2540999948978424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186116695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5249226","display_name":"Decision analysis","level":2,"score":0.251800000667572}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11764-8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7449986934661865}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":109,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W167610629","https://openalex.org/W1079000038","https://openalex.org/W1129211519","https://openalex.org/W1511176262","https://openalex.org/W1765570948","https://openalex.org/W1963701492","https://openalex.org/W1964346230","https://openalex.org/W1980564456","https://openalex.org/W2012899751","https://openalex.org/W2013932252","https://openalex.org/W2017139972","https://openalex.org/W2021151859","https://openalex.org/W2030238309","https://openalex.org/W2031241748","https://openalex.org/W2074045205","https://openalex.org/W2076285411","https://openalex.org/W2079457935","https://openalex.org/W2108658627","https://openalex.org/W2130820581","https://openalex.org/W2150271034","https://openalex.org/W2326063669","https://openalex.org/W2350810585","https://openalex.org/W2400159428","https://openalex.org/W2424340765","https://openalex.org/W2472464473","https://openalex.org/W2479534119","https://openalex.org/W2509007336","https://openalex.org/W2510597476","https://openalex.org/W2529540641","https://openalex.org/W2558173354","https://openalex.org/W2592492586","https://openalex.org/W2624777067","https://openalex.org/W2764318526","https://openalex.org/W2765676652","https://openalex.org/W2765711520","https://openalex.org/W2792998389","https://openalex.org/W2892106533","https://openalex.org/W2898808874","https://openalex.org/W2902631317","https://openalex.org/W2902943786","https://openalex.org/W2903466805","https://openalex.org/W2906369603","https://openalex.org/W2907030099","https://openalex.org/W2909523962","https://openalex.org/W2920654954","https://openalex.org/W2921974493","https://openalex.org/W2942471816","https://openalex.org/W2946856752","https://openalex.org/W2950183512","https://openalex.org/W2954289684","https://openalex.org/W2964286876","https://openalex.org/W2996789983","https://openalex.org/W3007344572","https://openalex.org/W3011520290","https://openalex.org/W3013738389","https://openalex.org/W3017274226","https://openalex.org/W3019056504","https://openalex.org/W3026419502","https://openalex.org/W3030874494","https://openalex.org/W3035162958","https://openalex.org/W3042342618","https://openalex.org/W3047488904","https://openalex.org/W3047739062","https://openalex.org/W3082247853","https://openalex.org/W3086423855","https://openalex.org/W3087623319","https://openalex.org/W3088891005","https://openalex.org/W3089138517","https://openalex.org/W3100717670","https://openalex.org/W3103293225","https://openalex.org/W3111137070","https://openalex.org/W3124627002","https://openalex.org/W3128986231","https://openalex.org/W3130423069","https://openalex.org/W3133657817","https://openalex.org/W3160533544","https://openalex.org/W3167491707","https://openalex.org/W3173907537","https://openalex.org/W3193347721","https://openalex.org/W3194720052","https://openalex.org/W3197695291","https://openalex.org/W3198021379","https://openalex.org/W3216942553","https://openalex.org/W4210353314","https://openalex.org/W4210784526","https://openalex.org/W4211007335","https://openalex.org/W4214601577","https://openalex.org/W4220965419","https://openalex.org/W4225482756","https://openalex.org/W4280567785","https://openalex.org/W4283392169","https://openalex.org/W4285135823","https://openalex.org/W4285205209","https://openalex.org/W4292078529","https://openalex.org/W4295987324","https://openalex.org/W4297831052","https://openalex.org/W4301366202","https://openalex.org/W4308194486","https://openalex.org/W4311571934","https://openalex.org/W4313400611","https://openalex.org/W4366280581","https://openalex.org/W4376646851","https://openalex.org/W4381095099","https://openalex.org/W4384023351","https://openalex.org/W4384201840","https://openalex.org/W4386318824","https://openalex.org/W4386328054","https://openalex.org/W4389528783","https://openalex.org/W4392245546"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-06T06:10:43.113611","created_date":"2026-05-06T00:00:00"}
