{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4414372291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","title":"MammoSegNet: a convolutional network analysis for segmenting tumor tissue masses in digital mammograms of breast cancer patients","display_name":"MammoSegNet: a convolutional network analysis for segmenting tumor tissue masses in digital mammograms of breast cancer patients","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4414372291","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045615699","display_name":"F. M. Javed Mehedi Shamrat","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9176-3537"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"F M Javed Mehedi Shamrat","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System and Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System and Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101858826","display_name":"Tariqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-921X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tariqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056799282","display_name":"Xujuan Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1736-739X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xujuan Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055167487","display_name":"Mohd Yamani Idna Idris","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4894-0838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I33849332","display_name":"University of Malaya","ror":"https://ror.org/00rzspn62","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohd Yamani Idna Idris","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer System and Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer System and Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043454773","display_name":"Pronab Ghosh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5524-2328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72541430","display_name":"Lakehead University","ror":"https://ror.org/023p7mg82","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pronab Ghosh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, ON, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72541430"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024357416","display_name":"Md Shofiqul Islam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2597-4050"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149704539","display_name":"Deakin University","ror":"https://ror.org/02czsnj07","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Md Shofiqul Islam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Warunponds, VIC, 3216, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute for Intelligent Systems Research and Innovation (IISRI), Deakin University, 75 Pigdons Rd, Warunponds, VIC, 3216, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149704539"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073373077","display_name":"Rashiduzzaman Shakil","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8888-3324"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rashiduzzaman Shakil","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041567938","display_name":"Ananda Sutradhar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1082-7559"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200606013","display_name":"Daffodil International University","ror":"https://ror.org/052t4a858","country_code":"BD","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}],"countries":["BD"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ananda Sutradhar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Birulia, 1216, Bangladesh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200606013"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Kawsar Ahmed","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I32625721","display_name":"University of Saskatchewan","ror":"https://ror.org/010x8gc63","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I32625721"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118524","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Bourgogne Franche-Comt\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/02dn7x778","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}],"countries":["CA","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kawsar Ahmed","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5A9, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I32625721","https://openalex.org/I4210118524"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073458655","display_name":"Raj Gururajan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5919-0174"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185523456","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raj Gururajan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, University of Southern Queensland, Springfield, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185523456"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045615699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I33849332"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":7.0705,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96827993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"32","first_page":"26437","last_page":"26484"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11361","display_name":"Digital Radiography and Breast Imaging","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2740","display_name":"Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.964900016784668,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preprocessor","display_name":"Preprocessor","score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6789000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/normalization","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/breast-cancer","display_name":"Breast cancer","score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mammography","display_name":"Mammography","score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pixel","display_name":"Pixel","score":0.41260001063346863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8274999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34736171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918333","display_name":"Preprocessor","level":2,"score":0.741599977016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7081000208854675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6789000034332275},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.644599974155426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.5870000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136886441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926129","display_name":"Normalization (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.510699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C530470458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128581","display_name":"Breast cancer","level":3,"score":0.4797999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.44749999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780472235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Mammography","level":4,"score":0.41499999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.41260001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.38449999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.3822999894618988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31601959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q931309","display_name":"Medical imaging","level":2,"score":0.3774999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777522853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5276128","display_name":"Digital pathology","level":2,"score":0.36039999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.35040000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124504099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q56933","display_name":"Image segmentation","level":3,"score":0.3463999927043915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.3422999978065491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.32839998602867126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10551718","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5227332","display_name":"Data pre-processing","level":2,"score":0.3084999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.3012999892234802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.2849000096321106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27181475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q541014","display_name":"Cross-validation","level":2,"score":0.2808000147342682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19609008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2138203","display_name":"Region of interest","level":2,"score":0.2734000086784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781281974","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q324634","display_name":"Digital mammography","level":5,"score":0.2558000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1122413","display_name":"Computer-aided diagnosis","level":2,"score":0.25429999828338623}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11631-6","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320985","display_name":"University of Southern Queensland","ror":"https://ror.org/04sjbnx57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":73,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W304373761","https://openalex.org/W1155168652","https://openalex.org/W1901129140","https://openalex.org/W2006676204","https://openalex.org/W2044738244","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2142796063","https://openalex.org/W2155329254","https://openalex.org/W2226042833","https://openalex.org/W2295256730","https://openalex.org/W2311599690","https://openalex.org/W2344328023","https://openalex.org/W2580480204","https://openalex.org/W2592929672","https://openalex.org/W2759356748","https://openalex.org/W2787894218","https://openalex.org/W2884436604","https://openalex.org/W2907066882","https://openalex.org/W2921553208","https://openalex.org/W2924927402","https://openalex.org/W2953992968","https://openalex.org/W2962708065","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963881378","https://openalex.org/W2964189045","https://openalex.org/W2964275459","https://openalex.org/W2964309882","https://openalex.org/W2965845428","https://openalex.org/W2990505957","https://openalex.org/W2993303538","https://openalex.org/W2998739014","https://openalex.org/W3012612365","https://openalex.org/W3013538309","https://openalex.org/W3025602058","https://openalex.org/W3096695019","https://openalex.org/W3120897110","https://openalex.org/W3191594063","https://openalex.org/W3212240055","https://openalex.org/W3213767478","https://openalex.org/W3216277748","https://openalex.org/W4239160510","https://openalex.org/W4285034033","https://openalex.org/W4291017567","https://openalex.org/W4294975187","https://openalex.org/W4298144215","https://openalex.org/W4319940243","https://openalex.org/W4320713070","https://openalex.org/W4327545671","https://openalex.org/W4327709855","https://openalex.org/W4380271734","https://openalex.org/W4388460630","https://openalex.org/W4390939137","https://openalex.org/W4391235341","https://openalex.org/W4391845391","https://openalex.org/W4392013639","https://openalex.org/W4392739263","https://openalex.org/W4392973603","https://openalex.org/W4393023321","https://openalex.org/W4394865650","https://openalex.org/W4396557972","https://openalex.org/W4399974695","https://openalex.org/W4400216238","https://openalex.org/W4400674518","https://openalex.org/W4403022605","https://openalex.org/W4403338022","https://openalex.org/W4406089521","https://openalex.org/W4406395896","https://openalex.org/W4406937929","https://openalex.org/W4407599230","https://openalex.org/W4408087646","https://openalex.org/W4408414486","https://openalex.org/W4409160448","https://openalex.org/W4410428788"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Breast":[1],"cancer":[2,204],"is":[3],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,110],"the":[6,14,89,98,129,133,186],"leading":[7],"causes":[8],"cancer-related":[10],"morbidity":[11],"worldwide,":[12],"underscoring":[13],"need":[15],"for":[16,38,201],"advanced":[17],"diagnostic":[18,154,205],"tools":[19],"to":[20,55,79,114,120,127,152],"improve":[21],"early":[22],"detection":[23],"and":[24,52,60,76,83,95,124,131,173,182,207],"treatment":[25],"outcomes.":[26],"This":[27],"study":[28],"introduces":[29],"MammoSegNet,":[30],"a":[31,139,198],"novel":[32],"convolutional":[33],"neural":[34],"network":[35],"architecture":[36],"optimized":[37],"precisely":[39],"segmenting":[40],"mammographic":[41],"images.":[42],"The":[43],"proposed":[44],"MammoSegNet":[45,69,196],"incorporates":[46],"Inception-ResNet":[47],"blocks,":[48],"Squeeze-and-Excitation":[49],"(SE)":[50],"modules,":[51],"dilated":[53],"convolutions":[54],"enable":[56],"multi-scale":[57],"feature":[58,146],"extraction":[59],"efficient":[61],"attention":[62],"refinement":[63],"while":[64,156],"maintaining":[65],"low":[66],"computational":[67],"complexity.":[68],"performance":[70,165],"was":[71,91,150],"rigorously":[72],"evaluated":[73],"on":[74,93,97,116,171,175],"BCDR-D01":[75,94,172],"INbreast":[77,100],"datasets":[78],"examine":[80],"its":[81],"robustness":[82],"generalization.":[84],"Using":[85],"stratified":[86],"fivefold":[87],"cross-validation,":[88],"model":[90],"trained":[92],"tested":[96],"unseen":[99],"dataset":[101,130],"through":[102],"Monte":[103],"Carlo":[104],"cross-validation.":[105],"Preprocessing":[106],"techniques,":[107],"including":[108],"Region":[109],"Interest":[111],"(ROI)":[112],"Isolation":[113],"concentrate":[115],"relevant":[117],"areas,":[118],"Normalization":[119],"standardized":[121],"pixel":[122],"intensities,":[123],"Data":[125],"Augmentation":[126],"expand":[128],"enhance":[132],"model\u2019s":[134,187],"robustness,":[135],"were":[136],"employed.":[137],"Additionally,":[138],"specialized":[140],"image":[141],"enhancement":[142],"method":[143],"called":[144],"peak":[145],"intensity":[147],"transformation":[148],"(PFIT)":[149],"designed":[151],"amplify":[153],"features":[155],"preserving":[157],"structural":[158],"integrity.":[159],"Comparative":[160],"evaluations":[161],"confirmed":[162],"MammoSegNet\u2019s":[163],"superior":[164],"across":[166],"metrics,":[167],"achieving":[168],"97%":[169],"accuracy":[170,206],"95%":[174],"INbreast.":[176],"Statistical":[177],"t-tests":[178],"validated":[179],"these":[180],"improvements,":[181],"visual":[183],"heatmaps":[184],"demonstrated":[185],"effectiveness":[188],"in":[189,209],"isolating":[190],"tumor":[191],"regions.":[192],"These":[193],"findings":[194],"establish":[195],"as":[197],"promising":[199],"tool":[200],"enhancing":[202],"breast":[203],"reliability":[208],"medical":[210],"applications.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}