{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4410358160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","title":"Explainable artificial intelligence for wind power forecasting model based on long short-term memory","display_name":"Explainable artificial intelligence for wind power forecasting model based on long short-term memory","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4410358160","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116782348","display_name":"Mona Ahmed Yassen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126427551","display_name":"Damietta University","ror":"https://ror.org/035h3r191","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mona Ahmed Yassen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Hours University, Damietta, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Artificial Intelligence, Hours University, Damietta, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108139013","display_name":"El\u2010Sayed M. El\u2010kenawy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-0605-647X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27570832","display_name":"Jadara University","ror":"https://ror.org/001drnv35","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27570832"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I73898932","display_name":"Bahrain Polytechnic","ror":"https://ror.org/01dv0vw10","country_code":"BH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I73898932"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210120363","display_name":"Higher Institute of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/02pyw9g57","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I146367977","display_name":"Applied Science Private University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ah6nb52","country_code":"JO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I146367977"]}],"countries":["BH","EG","JO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"El-Sayed M. El-Kenawy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan","Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt","Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan","School of ICT, Faculty of Engineering, Design and Information&Communications Technology(EDICT), Bahrain Polytechnic, PO Box 33349, Isa Town, Bahrain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I146367977"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communications and Electronics, Delta Higher Institute of Engineering and Technology, Mansoura, 35111, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210120363"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jadara University Research Center, Jadara University, Irbid, Jordan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27570832"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of ICT, Faculty of Engineering, Design and Information&Communications Technology(EDICT), Bahrain Polytechnic, PO Box 33349, Isa Town, Bahrain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I73898932"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000815783","display_name":"Mohamed S. Abdelfattah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6416-9011"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Gamal Abdel-Fattah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035347985","display_name":"Idris Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6923-7530"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Islam Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063929219","display_name":"Hassan Mostafa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0043-5007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159247623","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75","country_code":"EG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}],"countries":["EG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hossam El-Deen Salah Mostafa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159247623"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5116782348"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126427551","https://openalex.org/I159247623"],"apc_list":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"apc_paid":{"value":2390,"currency":"EUR","value_usd":2990},"fwci":4.8356,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94996165,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"37","issue":"19","first_page":"14589","last_page":"14611"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11052","display_name":"Energy Load and Power Forecasting","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12451","display_name":"Smart Grid and Power Systems","score":0.9786999821662903,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13650","display_name":"Computational Physics and Python Applications","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-science-and-engineering","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","score":0.8641150593757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.7347097396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6069744825363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-short-term-memory","display_name":"Long short term memory","score":0.5859121084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power-forecasting","display_name":"Wind power forecasting","score":0.5066112279891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wind-power","display_name":"Wind power","score":0.45088115334510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4246557056903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.404822438955307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3944697380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3046630024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electric-power-system","display_name":"Electric power system","score":0.2417193353176117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.09391742944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.0897853672504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recurrent-neural-network","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","score":0.07484248280525208}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68597687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362601","display_name":"Computational Science and Engineering","level":2,"score":0.8641150593757629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.7347097396850586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6069744825363159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133488467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6673524","display_name":"Long short term memory","level":4,"score":0.5859121084213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781084341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2583670","display_name":"Wind power forecasting","level":4,"score":0.5066112279891968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78600449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43302","display_name":"Wind power","level":2,"score":0.45088115334510803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4246557056903839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.404822438955307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3944697380065918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3046630024909973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89227174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388981","display_name":"Electric power system","level":3,"score":0.2417193353176117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.09391742944717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0897853672504425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.07484248280525208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5","pdf_url":"https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s00521-025-11230-5.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S147897268","display_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","issn_l":"0941-0643","issn":["0941-0643","1433-3058"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Computing and Applications","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321655","display_name":"Science and Technology Development Fund","ror":"https://ror.org/044vr6g03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325716","display_name":"Mansoura University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k8vtd75"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410358160.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4410358160.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1969141215","https://openalex.org/W2064675550","https://openalex.org/W2078476201","https://openalex.org/W2508187212","https://openalex.org/W2600292797","https://openalex.org/W2885195348","https://openalex.org/W2895755967","https://openalex.org/W2901240220","https://openalex.org/W2963335750","https://openalex.org/W2980867051","https://openalex.org/W2992578121","https://openalex.org/W3003714201","https://openalex.org/W3006193923","https://openalex.org/W3094568574","https://openalex.org/W3114878118","https://openalex.org/W3132882148","https://openalex.org/W3176181793","https://openalex.org/W3200790647","https://openalex.org/W3209405477","https://openalex.org/W3213465579","https://openalex.org/W4200287216","https://openalex.org/W4205371941","https://openalex.org/W4206666063","https://openalex.org/W4220771247","https://openalex.org/W4224981792","https://openalex.org/W4281651325","https://openalex.org/W4283826931","https://openalex.org/W4284971318","https://openalex.org/W4292417287","https://openalex.org/W4309049997","https://openalex.org/W4312994540","https://openalex.org/W4313892538","https://openalex.org/W4367309548","https://openalex.org/W4378193611","https://openalex.org/W4385376086","https://openalex.org/W4387737991","https://openalex.org/W4388191762","https://openalex.org/W4398782346","https://openalex.org/W6604896550"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034182965","https://openalex.org/W2626641865","https://openalex.org/W2246158493","https://openalex.org/W2102851390","https://openalex.org/W2946066052","https://openalex.org/W4200305155","https://openalex.org/W2142241280","https://openalex.org/W1963538988","https://openalex.org/W4200518045","https://openalex.org/W3157443038"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Expanding":[1],"the":[2,17,26,31,73,82,147,181,185,201,204,251,273,296,317,326,330],"world\u2019s":[3],"economy":[4],"leads":[5],"to":[6,179,199,295,307],"higher":[7],"requirements":[8],"for":[9,59],"energy":[10,13,34,44],"storage.":[11],"Traditional":[12],"resources":[14],"decline":[15],"at":[16],"same":[18],"time":[19,128],"that":[20,121,316],"environmental":[21],"contamination":[22],"levels":[23],"increase":[24],"in":[25,69,81,151,191],"world.":[27],"Wind":[28,46,88],"power":[29,47,65,75,86,89,97,101,125,186],"is":[30,177],"most":[32],"potential":[33],"resource":[35],"supported":[36],"by":[37,255],"its":[38],"status":[39],"as":[40],"a":[41,51],"significant":[42],"renewable":[43,61],"system.":[45],"generation":[48,66,187],"has":[49],"become":[50],"popular":[52],"and":[53,140,166,235,249,265,289,312,335],"exciting":[54],"method":[55],"among":[56],"nations":[57],"worldwide":[58],"generating":[60],"energy.":[62],"High":[63],"wind":[64,74,96,124,323],"unpredictability":[67],"results":[68],"unavoidable":[70],"errors":[71,91],"throughout":[72],"prediction":[76,90],"process,":[77],"creating":[78],"substantial":[79],"difficulties":[80],"optimal":[83],"management":[84],"of":[85,203,232,238,298],"systems.":[87,194],"remain":[92],"unavoidable,":[93],"but":[94],"appropriate":[95,117],"uncertainty":[98],"models":[99],"help":[100],"system":[102],"operators":[103],"reduce":[104],"their":[105],"adverse":[106],"impact":[107],"on":[108],"operational":[109],"decision-making":[110],"performance.":[111],"In":[112],"this":[113,152],"paper,":[114],"developed":[115],"an":[116,157],"machine":[118,148,269],"learning":[119,270],"model":[120,176,253,304,319,332],"efficiently":[122],"forecasted":[123],"data":[126],"through":[127],"series":[129],"analysis.":[130],"The":[131,171,301,310],"long":[132,167],"Short-Term":[133],"Memory":[134],"(LSTM),":[135],"Gated":[136,284],"Reference":[137],"Unit":[138,286],"(GRU),":[139],"Autoregressive":[141,279],"Integrated":[142],"Moving":[143,280],"Average":[144,281],"(ARIMA)":[145],"are":[146,197,293],"algorithms":[149],"used":[150,198],"investigation.":[153],"This":[154],"paper":[155],"proposed":[156,205],"X-double":[158,206],"LSTM,":[159],"which":[160],"integrates":[161],"explainable":[162],"artificial":[163],"intelligence":[164],"(XAI)":[165],"short-term":[168],"memory":[169],"(LSTM).":[170],"XAI-Shapley":[172],"Additive":[173],"Explanations":[174],"(SHAP)":[175],"modified":[178],"pinpoint":[180],"crucial":[182],"elements":[183],"affecting":[184],"forecasting":[188],"model\u2019s":[189],"accuracy":[190],"cutting-edge":[192],"solar":[193],"Nine":[195],"metrics":[196],"assess":[200],"efficacy":[202],"LSTM":[207,277,303],"model:":[208],"root":[209,219],"mean":[210,213,220,225,228],"square":[211,221,226],"error,":[212,215,222,227],"bias":[214],"correlation":[216],"coefficient,":[217],"relative":[218],"Nash\u2013Sutcliffe":[223],"efficiency,":[224],"absolute":[229],"deviation,":[230],"coefficient":[231],"multiple":[233],"determination,":[234],"Willmott":[236],"index":[237],"agreement.":[239],"For":[240],"MSE,":[241],"RMSE,":[242],"MAE,":[243],"MBE,":[244],"r,":[245],"R2,":[246],"RRMSE,":[247],"NSE,":[248],"WI,":[250],"suggested":[252,318,331],"improves":[254],"0.000":[256],"11,":[257],"0.011,":[258],"0.008,":[259,260],"0.99,":[261],"0.98,":[262,264,266],"2.5,":[263],"respectively.":[267],"Other":[268],"methods,":[271],"including":[272],"Transformer":[274],"model,":[275],"single-layer":[276],"networks,":[278,288,292],"(ARMA)":[282],"models,":[283],"Recurrent":[285],"(GRU)":[287],"Bidirectional":[290],"(Bi-LSTM)":[291],"compared":[294],"performance":[297],"double":[299],"LSTM.":[300],"twin":[302],"was":[305],"demonstrated":[306],"perform":[308],"better.":[309],"simulations":[311],"experimental":[313],"findings":[314],"show":[315],"can":[320],"precisely":[321],"estimate":[322],"power.":[324],"Within":[325],"Google":[327],"Collab":[328],"environment,":[329],"uses":[333],"TensorFlow":[334],"Keras.":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}